The Language Of Medicine Chapter 18

aden/o

gland

adenectomy

the surgical removal of a gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

adrenalectomy

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

gonad/o

sex glands (ovaries and testes)

gonadotropin

hormone that stimulates the gonads

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

parathyroidectomy

removal of the parathyroid gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland; hypophysis

hypopituitarism

condition of an underactive pituitary gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

thyrotropic hormone

anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the function of the thyroid gland

andr/o

male

androgen

hormone that promotes masculine characteristics

calc/o, calci/o

calcium

hypocalcemia

deficiency of calcium in the blood

hypercalciuria

excessive amount of calcium in the urine

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

corticosteroid

Any steroid hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex.

crin/o

secrete

endocrinologist

physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system

dips/o

thirst

polydipsia

excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)

estr/o

female

gluc/o

sugar

glucagon

hormone that raises blood glucose levels

glyc/o

sugar

glycemic

pertaining to sugar in the blood

glycogen

a starch form in animals; glucose is converted to this in the liver and visa versa

home/o

sameness

homeostasis

the ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant

hormon/o

hormone

hormonal

pertaining to hormones

kal/i

potassium

hypokalemia

low blood potassium

lact/o

milk

prolactin

hormone responsible for milk production

myx/o

mucus

myxedema

accumulation of mucus-like material under the skin

natr/o

sodium

hyponatremia

abnormally low level of sodium in the blood

phys/o

growing

hypophysectomy

removal of the pituitary gland

somat/o

body

somatotropin

another name for growth hormone; stimulates growth of long bones.

stern/o

solid structure

steroid

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

thyrotoxicosis

a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

ur/o

urine

antidiuretic hormone

stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water

-agon

assemble, gather together

-emia

blood condition

-in, -ine

substance

epinephrine

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the bodies fight or flight.

-tropin

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

adrenocorticotropin

a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex

-uria

urine condition

eu-

good, normal

euthyroid

normal thyroid function

hyper-

excessive; above

hyperkalemia

excessive potassium in the blood

hypo-

deficient; below; under; less than normal

hypoinsulinism

deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas

oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

pan-

all

panhypopituitarism

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

poly-

many or increased

polyruia

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.

tetra-

four

tetraiodothyronine

Substance (hormone) with four iodine atoms (T4)

tri-

three

triiodothyronine

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland (contains three atoms of iodine); stimulates body metabolism; T3.

pancreas

Behind the stomach

parathyroid

Posterior side of the thyroid gland

adrenal medulla

inner section of glands above each kidney

thyroid gland

on either side of the trachea

adrenal cortex

outer section of gland above each kidney

ovary

lower abdomen of female

pituitary (hypophysis)

below the brain in the sella turcica

Follicle-stimulating hormone

produced by anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

vasopressin

hormone produced by posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

insulin

beta islet cells of the pancreas

thyroxine

thyroid gland

cortisol

Adrenal cortex hormone that influences metabolism and immunity; secretions rise with stress.

gonadotropic hormones

anterior pituitary gland; these hormones are FSH and LH

epinephrine

Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.

oxytocin

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

prolactin

hormone responsible for milk production

growth hormone

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones

glucagon

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

adrenocorticotropic hormone

hormone produced by anterior pituitary gland

progesterone

ovaries

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

produced by anterior pituitary gland

testosterone

promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine output

thyroxine

increases metabolism in body cells

parathyroid hormone

raises blood calcium