history hard defs

Confucianism

A system of ethical beliefs that originated in China from the teaches of Confucius it emphasized harmony justice advocates for filial pilaty - served as a foundation for the Chinese gov, and social structures for centuries

House of wisdom

A major intellectual center in Baghdad flourished during the Islamic golden age served as a hub for translating writings from different cultures

Bureaucracy

A hierarchical administrative system with specific departments and rules was essential for managing large empires

Buddhism

Originated in ancient India and spread through Asia (through merchants going through trade routes) focused on karma, reincarnation (this gave hope) and the pursuit of enlightenment.

Meritocracy

A system rewarding ability and achievement over inherited status, gained popularity when their where formalized systems of education and really when the civil service exam was started.

Humanism

An intellectual movement emphasizing human potential emerged in the reinasance diverted focus from religious glory to human glory like new science discoveries etc.

CSE

Was a test for gov jobs based on qualifications not connections or lineage mainly in China helped set up a meritocracy.

Manorialism

An economic and social system that shaped rural life in medieval Europe - based on the idea that a lord owned a large manor and allowed serfs to live and work the land - in exchange for protection and a place to live the manor was self efficient

Feudalism

King owns everything (all the land) gives land to lords for their serveice and the lords give land to knights for protection. serfs job was to work for the land bounded to the land (a big hierarchy)

The renaissance

Was a cultural movement allowed people to rediscover art literature etc added focus on human value.

Confucianism was based off of five key what?

Relationships

Filial piety

Respect children should give to their parents plus other elders in the family or general.

Fall of Roman Empire

Spilt into two half’s western and eastern diff rulers weakened the empire contless invasions

Baghdad

A huge city in Islam where the house of wisdom is

song China

A period of time in China of economic artistic and cultural stability

Scholar gentry

Educated land owning class in China

Serfs

People who were bounded to work for their lords land in return for a place to stay and necessities of life

What where the major scientific achievements in the muslamic golden age

Medicine improvements mathematics chemistry etc

pillars of Islam

Five core practices that every Muslim is expected to follow

Shahada

Believing there is only one supreme god (allah)

Salah

Prayers performed five times a day

Zakat

The obligation to donate 2.5% of one’s wealth in order to help those in need (unless you are one in need)

Sawm

fasting from food and drink till sunrise and sunset during the holy month of Ramadan

Hajj

The holy trip to Mecca every Muslim is expected to make this trip.