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The Turing Test

A test that determines whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from humans.

AI Benefits

Positive impacts of AI, including healthcare improvements, automation of tasks, and increased efficiency.

Creative Destruction

Economic concept where old industries are destroyed to make way for new ones, often associated with technological innovation.

The Singularity

A hypothetical point where AI surpasses human intelligence, leading to rapid technological growth.

Counterarguments to the Singularity

Concerns regarding diminishing inputs, running out of data, and increasing costs that may hinder AI progress.

Symbolic AI

An artificial intelligence approach based on rule-based logic and explicit programming.

Sub-Symbolic AI

An artificial intelligence methodology that involves pattern-based learning, such as neural networks.

Deep Learning

A form of machine learning using multiple layers of processing to extract higher-level features from data.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

A type of neural network designed for image analysis and object recognition using convolution operations.

Unsupervised Learning

A type of machine learning that finds patterns in data without labeled responses, such as clustering.

K-means Clustering

An unsupervised learning algorithm that groups data points into k clusters, minimizing distance to the nearest centroid.

Q-Table

A data structure in reinforcement learning that stores values for state-action pairs, helping decision making.

Explore-Exploit Tradeoff

The balance between exploring new actions to discover better strategies and exploiting known actions to maximize rewards.

Gary Marcus's Ten Points

Marcus's critique highlighting AI's limits in common sense, reasoning, and robustness.

Hybrid Models

AI approaches combining symbolic reasoning with neural networks to enhance performance.

Deep Neural Networks

Neural networks with multiple layers between input and output that capture complex patterns in data.

Back-propagation

A training algorithm that adjusts weights and biases in neural networks to minimize prediction error.

Regression in Machine Learning

The process of estimating numeric values based on learned parameters from data.

Regular Expressions

A sequence of characters that forms a search pattern, mainly used for string matching and manipulation.

What is Machine Learning?

A subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data and improve their performance over time.

What is Supervised Learning?

A type of machine learning where the model is trained on labeled data to make predictions.

What is Overfitting?

A modeling error that occurs when a machine learning model learns the details and noise of the training data to the extent that it negatively impacts its performance on new data.

What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)?

A field of AI that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans through natural language.

What are Neural Networks?

Computational models inspired by the human brain, consisting of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process data.

What is Reinforcement Learning?

A type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by receiving rewards or penalties for actions.