Comprehensive Software Engineering Key Concepts and UML Diagrams

What are the key phases of software engineering?

Scope, definition, development (high and low level), design, testing, and maintenance.

What are the four types of maintenance in software engineering?

Corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive maintenance.

What are umbrella activities in software engineering?

Documentation, configuration management, and version control.

What are the key tasks in software engineering?

Requirements engineering, design, coding, testing, and maintenance.

What is the Waterfall model in software development?

A linear process model that starts with information gathering and proceeds through defined steps, making it traceable.

What are the challenges of the Waterfall model?

Difficult to change requirements and late discovery of errors since testing occurs after deployment.

What does the V model in software engineering represent?

A life cycle model focusing on verification (errors in the system) and validation (client acceptance).

What is the purpose of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)?

To evaluate the rigor of a process model on a scale from 1 to 5, assessing repeatability, traceability, and optimizability.

What are the four key paradigms of software development?

Procedural, logic, functional, and object-oriented programming.

Why is software development considered linearly expensive?

Because software changes are easier and cheaper to implement than hardware changes, leading to higher costs over time.

What is Independent Verification and Validation (IVV)?

A process where an independent organization verifies and validates a system, potentially identifying more errors than the original developers.

What are the four key steps in requirements engineering?

Elicitation, analysis, specification, and verification/validation.

What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements?

Functional requirements specify what the system should do, while non-functional requirements describe how the system performs its functions.

What is a Use-Case diagram in UML?

A diagram that represents the interactions between users and the system, illustrating the system's functionality.

What is a Class Diagram in UML?

A diagram that shows the classes in a system, their attributes, and relationships such as aggregation, composition, and inheritance.

What is risk management in software engineering?

The process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks that could impact the success of a software project.

What are safety-critical systems?

Systems whose failure could result in loss of life, significant property damage, or environmental harm.

What is the purpose of a Domain Model in UML?

To capture the essential elements of a system and their relationships.

What is a Meta Model in UML?

A model that describes the structure and rules for creating legal instances of a language.

What are design models in software engineering?

Models that provide implementation details, including access modifiers like public, private, and protected.