Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History: From Pre-Colonial to Contemporary

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering key periods, forms, and concepts in Philippine literature from pre-colonial to the 21st century.

During the period when Jose Rizal wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to awaken countrymen, which period was it?

Spanish Period

The Philippines had literature such as legends, folk tales, and the like during which period?

Pre-Spanish Period

In which period were religious books like Doctrina Cristiana and Urbana and Felisa written to support or contradict the Catholic Church?

Spanish Period

Filipino writers explored all forms of literature—news, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels—showing love of country and longing for independence in which period?

American Period

Filipino literature was restricted during which period, leading many to write plays, poems, and stories about life in the provinces?

Japanese Period

Haiku and Tanaga were influenced by which period?

Japanese Period

Which period presented new writing trends through modern technology?

21st Century Period

This period witnessed newspapers branded as crony papers becoming instant opposition papers. Which period is it?

Edsa I Period

Poetry during which period was romantic and revolutionary?

The 3rd Republic Period

Poetry during which period dealt with patience and regard for native culture and customs?

New Society Period

Philippine regional literature can be BEST described as which of the following?

Dynamic

Imagery in poetry pertains to what?

Mental pictures

The use of the vernacular in regional literature is ___.

Encouraged so that the culture and tradition of a people are upheld despite effects of modernity

A valid observation of literary development in the Philippines is that _.

Literature developed alongside Philippine history.

Because of the archipelagic nature of the Philippines, regional literature has become .

Rich and varied

What Filipino term refers to proverbs that convey practical observations and philosophy in rhyming form?

Salawikain

What is the Filipino term for riddles used to test the wits of listeners?

Bugtong

Name two examples of Filipino folk songs from the pre-Spanish period.

Kundiman and Kumintang

Tales that explain origins of places, names, and heroes are best described as which?

Myths and legends

Epics are long-winded poems about a __.

Hero and his adventures

Precolonial literature was primarily __ and used to explain phenomena.

Oral literature consisting of myths and legends used to explain natural phenomena and daily life

During Spanish colonization, literature shifted to focus on __.

Christian faith; saints and religious hymns

Corrido is a legendary religious narrative form that usually details the lives of saints or the history of a tradition. Which form is this an example of?

Corrido

Awit is a chivalric poem about a hero and is usually _.

Sung and used in religious processions

Pasyon is a narrative poem about the life of _.

Jesus Christ

Cenaculo is the dramatization of the passion of Christ. An example is the San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites in San Fernando, Pampanga. True or false?

True

Moro-moro or Comedia de Capay Espada is a drama depicting the conflict between which groups?

Christians and Muslims

Tibag is the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena's search for the Holy Cross. True or false?

True

Duplo or Karagatan are native dramas connected to Catholic mourning rituals and harvest celebrations. True or false?

True

Zarzuela is a form of entertainment that is often a musical comedy or melodrama.

True

The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898) featured the Propaganda Movement led by Ilustrados. Name two key figures.

Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar (also Graciano López Jaena)

Name one key figure from the Propaganda Movement besides Rizal.

Graciano López Jaena or Marcelo H. del Pilar

During the American Regime, which language became prominent in Philippine literature due to American influence?

English

The Japanese Period introduced Haiku, Tanaga, and which other form known as Usual Form?

Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

Philippine literature in English during 1941-1945 faced restrictions; what was revived in the Philippines, and what themes dominated the period?

Tagalog (New Filipino Literature) revived; themes of Japanese brutality and guerrilla exploits

The period of 1946-1970 is known as what, marked by vernacular literature’s rise and political activism?

Rebirth of Freedom

The Period of Activism (1970-1972) was driven by youth activism and a Literary Revolution. True or false?

True

The Period of the New Society (1972-1980) began on September 21, 1972. What continued during this period aside from these political changes?

Palanca Awards (literary awards) continued; poems emphasized patience and native culture.

The Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985) followed martial rule and featured poetry that was what two adjectives?

Romantic and revolutionary

Post-EDSA 1 Revolution (1986-1999) saw changes in newspapers; name three examples of crony newspapers that rose in circulation.

The Inquirer, Malaya, and The People’s Journal

The 21st Century Period introduced new trends to meet the needs of a new generation. What technology is emphasized?

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) inclination; new codes/lingos in writing

Hinilawod is an epic from which region of the Philippines?

Central Panay