Chemistry - rates of reaction (The rate and extent of chemical change)

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13 Terms

1

equation for mean rate of reaction

total quantity (g or cm³) / time taken (s)

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2

equation for moles (solid)

mass (g)​ / molar mass (g/mol)

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3

molar volume of gas

24 dm³/mol

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4

equation for moles (gas at room temperature)

volume of gas (dm³)​ / 24 dm³/mol

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5

cm³ → dm³

divide by 1000

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6

what 4 conditions can increase the rate of reaction?

how does higher temperatures increase the rate?

  • increase surface area

  • high temperature

  • high concentration

  • high pressure

more kinetic energy is transferred which increases amount of collisions

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7

why do smaller objects such as powders increase the rate of reaction?

have a larger surface area to volume ratio, therefore more collisions take place

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8

collision theory

chemical reactions can only occur when particles collide with enough energy

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9

activation energy

the minimum amount of energy that particles must have to react

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10

catalyst

substances which increase rate of chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy

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11

test for hydrogen

  • burn splint

  • hold splint above tube until a squeaky pop sound is made

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12

how can the student investigate how the rate of reaction when the concentration of is changed by measuring the volume of gas produced?

  • use 50cm³ of 1mol/dm³ hydrochloric acid

  • use 3cm magnesium ribbon

  • set up a conical flask containing 50cm³ of 1mol/dm³ hydrochloric acid

  • have bung and delivery tube attached to gas syringe prepared

  • add a 3cm piece of magnesium ribbon

  • quickly fit bung on conical flask and start a stopwatch

  • record the measurement of gas produced every 10 seconds

  • repeat experiment with 2 and 3 mol/dm³ hydrochloric acid

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13

how can the student investigate how the rate of reaction when the concentration of is changed by observing change of colour or turbidity?

  • use 10cm³ sodium thiosulfate solution

  • use 10cm³ dilute hydrochloric acid

  • pour 10cm³ of sodium thiosulfate solution into a conical flask

  • measure out 40cm³ water with a measuring cylinder and pour into conical flask

  • add 10cm³ dilute hydrochloric acid into conical flask and place it on a black cross and start a stopwatch

  • record the time it takes for the cross to disappear

  • repeat using other concentrations of sodium thiosulfate

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