Sociology CLEP - Important People (copy)

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Karl Marx

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24 Terms

1

Karl Marx

Invented Marxim

- Divided people into to groups of those with means to produce and laborers

- Communist Manifesto and Capital

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2

Max Weber

Religion, cities, bureaucracy and social stratification
- Believed political/bureaucratic power and social standing were the ones truly in charge

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3

Emile Durkheim

Wrote the sociological method
- How societies could maintain integrity and coherence in the modern era
- Positivist science

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4

W. E. B. Du Bois

"Double Consciousness" - how africans born in europe were or were not able to reconcile their heritage with their upbringing
- leader of Niagara movement

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5

Gustave le Bon

Contagion theory - members in a large group feel protected by the crowd

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6

Robert Merton

5 modes of adaption of anomie:
1) Conformity
2) Innovation
3) Ritualism
4) Retreatism
5) Rebellion

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7

Thomas Malthus

Population studies
- developed the dependency ratio
covering rate of growth in food production vs. population and working vs. nonworking population

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8

Erving Goffman

Argued that identities were not inherently a part of us, but resources to use when needed

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9

Adam Smith

Capitalism "Wealth of Nations"

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10

William Sumner

Ethnocentrism

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11

Radcliffe Browne

Structural Functionalism

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12

Auguste Comte

3 Stages of cultural evolution:
Theological to metaphysical to positive
- Coined sociology as study of whole

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13

Thomas Hobbes

Social contract theory and proposed that social order arose out of the desire to escape social conflict

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14

Jean Piaget

Developmental psychology at young ages

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15

Edwin Sutherland

People undergo similar socialization, whether conformist or deviant

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16

Harriet Martineau

First female sociologist

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17

Jane Addams

Developed progressive social theories

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18

Margaret Mead

Gender studies

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19

Ferdinand Tonnies

Coined gemeinschaft and gesellschaft

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20

Sigmund Freud

3 Parts of personality:
1) Id - instinctual mind
2) ego - realistic part
3) Super ego - internal set of cultural rules

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21

Edward Thorndike

Animal behavior and connectionism
- Proved HALO effect concept

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22

Erik Erikson

Child and psychosocial development
8 Stages:
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Initiative vs. guilt
Industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs. confusion
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Integrity vs. despair

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23

Talcott Parsons

Sick Role

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24

Charles Wright Mills

Sociological imagination

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