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What were the main causes of unrest during Elizabeth's reign?

Rising food prices, poor harvests, and plague.

What fears contributed to unrest in Elizabethan England?

Fear of vagabondage and food riots.

What was the Northern Rebellion and its primary cause?

A plot to marry Mary, Queen of Scots, to the Duke of Norfolk.

Who were the leaders of the Northern Rebellion?

The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland.

What were the religious and political motivations behind the Northern Rebellion?

Catholic grievances and loss of political power.

What was the outcome of the Northern Rebellion?

Poor organization led to failure; 450 were executed, including Westmorland.

What was the aftermath of the Northern Rebellion?

Elizabeth restored the Council of the North and demonstrated that Catholicism was a significant threat.

What was the nature of the Oxfordshire Rebellion?

It was driven by starvation and inequality, with class-based anger targeting elites.

What was the date of the Oxfordshire Rebellion?

1596

How many rebels were involved in the Oxfordshire Rebellion?

Only 4 rebels, and it was poorly organized.

What was the government's response to the Oxfordshire Rebellion?

Harsh punishment including execution and torture.

What did the Oxfordshire Rebellion demonstrate about state anxiety?

It showed anxiety over social inequality.

Who led the Essex Rebellion?

The Earl of Essex, a former royal favorite.

What were the motives behind the Essex Rebellion?

Political frustration, debt, and ambition.

What was the outcome of the Essex Rebellion?

It was quickly suppressed, and Essex was executed along with 6 others.

What did the Essex Rebellion reflect about the elite?

It reflected elite discontent rather than a popular uprising.

What were the problems in Ireland during Elizabeth's reign?

Cultural divide, lack of enforcement of Protestant policy, and land laws.

What was Tyrone's Rebellion and when did it occur?

The most serious rebellion in Ireland from 1595 to 1603, supported by Spain.

What was a major English defeat during Tyrone's Rebellion?

The Battle of Yellow Ford in 1598.

What was the significance of Tyrone's Rebellion?

It showed Elizabeth's limited control in Ireland and led to long-term resentment and economic damage.

What were the issues in the North of England during Elizabeth's reign?

Continued border lawlessness with Scotland and reliance on southern appointees caused resentment.

How did Elizabeth manage tensions with Scotland?

By appointing second-tier nobles as wardens and using diplomacy.