Chemistry - Unit 4

https://phm.instructure.com/courses/2055844/assignments/18864291?module_item_id=40265832

atom

the basic unit of a chemical element

ion

an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons

cation

positively charged compound due to losing an electron

anion

negatively charged atom due to gaining an electron

electrolyte

a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis

nonelectrolye

a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state

polyatomic ion

an ion composed of two or more atoms

monatomic ion

a charged particle that consists of only one atom

formula unit

the smallest repeating unit of a non-molecular substance

ionic compound

any of a large group of chemical compounds consisting of oppositely charged ions

covalent bond

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms

molecular compound

a chemical compound formed by two or more nonmetal atoms sharing electrons through covalent bonds

binary acid

a type of acid that consists of only two elements: hydrogen (H) and another element

oxyacid

a compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element

hydrocarbon chain

a sequence of carbon atoms linked together, with hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon, essentially forming a linear structure where only carbon and hydrogen atoms are present

hydrocarbon ring

chemical compounds made of a carbon backbone that is attached to itself to form a ring

diatomic atoms

H, N, Cl, O, F, Br, and I

how do cations form?

when atoms lose electrons, which makes them become positively charged

how do anions form?

when atoms gain electrons, which makes them become negatively charged

what are some characteristics properties of ionic compounds?

have high melting/boiling points, often soluble in water, brittle

what type of bonding exists in ionic compounds?

ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred between atoms (anions/cations)

what are some characteristics properties of molecular compounds?

have lower melting/boiling points, don’t conduct electricity, and can be soluble in certain solvents

what type of bonding exists in molecular compounds?

covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared between atoms, typically between nonmetals

what is an ionic bond? how do they form?

ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions that attract

the correct name for CaH2 is ________

calcium hydride

the correct name for CCl4 is _________

carbon tetrachloride

the correct name for HClO3 is __________

chloric acid

the correct name for SO is __________

sulfur monoxide