sts module 1

Samuel F. B. Morse

Improved communication through the telegraph through the invention of Morse Code

Samuel Colt

Created the underwater telegraph cable

Charles Dowd

Proposed a standard timezone to avoid railway accidents

Alexander Graham Bell

One of the inventors of the first telephone

Thomas Alva Edison

Inventor of the first motion picture camera

George Eastman

Inventor of the roll-film camera

Guglielmo Marconi

Developed long-range radio communication

Father of science

Thales

Postulated non-supernatural phenomenon

Contribution of Thales

Postulated that the Earth is spherical in shape

One contribution of Pythagoras

Postulated the right-triangle rule

Second contribution of Pythagoras

Father of western philosophy

Plato

Started investigations in nature

Contribution of Plato

Laid foundations of the scientific method

Aristotle

Classified +540 animal species

Contribution of Aristotle

Father of modern medicine

Hippocrates

Observed the existence of clinical and rational conclusions in medicine

Contributions of Hippocates

Introduced concepts of definition, axis, theorem, and proof

Contributions of Euclid

Father of Geometry

Euclid

“Elements”

Work written in 300 BCE that laid the foundations in the field of mathematics

Wrote “Elements”

Author is Euclid

father of mathematics

greatest mathematician

Archimedes

Laid foundation of hydrostatics

Contribution of Archimedes

Calculated formula of the underside of a parabola arch using approximate value of pi

Second contribution of Archimedes

Science

Body of organised knowledge about nature

Technology

The application of knowledge in creating/designing devices, processes, etc. to solve practical problems

Society

A group of people in a particular place that share a common goal

Ancient Mesopotamia

Birthplace of civilization

Code of Hammurabi

Babylonian legal texts of first rendition of “innocent until proven guilty

Ancient Egypt

One of history’s powerful empires

Edwin Smith Papyrus

Oldest known surgical treatise on trauma

Ancient India

Said to be the first to use practical mathematics

Manufactured bricks in Indus Valley Civilization

From Ancient India

Mohenjo-Daro ruler

A ruler created in the Indus Valley Civilization

Weights in geometrical shapes

Massed produced in Ancient India

Astronomy in Ancient China

Astronomers observed a supernova (Crab Nebula) using a telescope

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Herbal medicine and acupuncture

First inventions in Ancient China

Abacus, public toilet, and sundials

Other inventions in Ancient China

Gunpowder, porcelain, paper

Rivers in Ancient Mesopotamia

Tigris and Euphrates river

River in Ancient Egypt

Nile river

River in Ancient India

Indus River

River in Ancient China

Yellow and Yangtze river

What is the common denominator of the four ancient civilizations?

They reside beside river banks

Early Medieval period

AD 500 - 1000

Gave 3 major laws of planetary motion

Contribution of John Kepler

Significant contributions to astronomy, mathematics, physics, and scientific instruments

Contributions of Galileo Galilei

Emphasised induction as a scientific method based in Aristotle’s teachings

Contributions of Francis Bacon

Father of modern physiology

Harvey

Discovered circulation of blood through the body

Contributions of William Harvey

Renaissance

Philosophers revived science

Carolingian Renaissance

The sustaining of learning and knowledge under Charlemagne’s rule

Contributions of the Monasteries

Retained scientific manuscripts through copying and studying

Contributions of astronomers

Retained mathematics and geometry

George Westinghouse

Compressed-air brake for railroads

Gottlieb Daimler

Gasoline-powered automobile

Rudolph Diesel

Patented the diesel engine

Henry Ford

First to mass produce an assembly line of gasoline-powered automobiles

Wilbur and Orville Wright

First to accomplish the first successful flight

1840-1860

Rapid development of railroads in the USA and elsewhere

James Watt

Redesigned the steam engine for power generation

Micheal Faraday

experiments of electricity from a magnet field

Creations of Faraday

Electric motor and Dynamo

Thomas Edison

Created the practical incandescent light bulb

Nikola Tesla

Invented the induction motor

George Westinghouse

Adopted the electric transformer

Horace Wells & William Morton

First to use anesthesia for dentistry and surgery

Ignaz Semmelweiz

Introduced antiseptic practices in medicine

Louis Pasteur

Established bacteria as the cause of many diseases

Felix Hoffmann

First to synthesize asprin and heroin

Paul Ehrlich

Discovered the first effective medical treatment for syphilis

Hermann Muller

Established existence of gene mutation

Alexander Flemming

Discovered penicillin

Francis Crick & James Watson

Discovered the structure of DNA

Ottmar Mergenthaler & Tolbert Lanston

Designed the Linotype & Monotype respectively printing press that revolutionized printing

Elisha Otis

Designed the elevator safety brake

Wlliam L. B. Jenney

Designed the first steel-frame skyscraper

Alva John Fisher

First electric washing machine

1927

“silent” movies to “talkies”

1957

Soviet Union launched their satellite “Sputnik”

1945

Atomic Bomb tested, demonstrated, and used

1969

First moon landing by NASA