geo ch 1

In which states has deforestation due to mining caused severe land degradation?

Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha.

In which states is overgrazing a major cause of land degradation?

Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.

In which states is over-irrigation responsible for land degradation?

Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh

In which states does over-irrigation cause waterlogging, salinity, and alkalinity of soil?

Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh

Which region of India is mainly made up of alluvial soil?

The northern Plains

Which three Himalayan river systems have deposited alluvial soil?

Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra.

In which states does alluvial soil extend through a narrow corridor?

Rajasthan and Gujarat

Where is alluvial soil found in the Eastern Coastal Plains?

In the deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers.

What are the main constituents of alluvial soil?

Sand, silt, and clay.

Name the piedmont plains where coarse alluvial soils are common.

Duars, Chos, and Terai.

Which nutrients are generally found in alluvial soil?

Potash, phosphoric acid, and lime.

Which crops grow well in alluvial soil?

Sugarcane, paddy, wheat, cereals, and pulses.

What is another name for black soil?

Regur soil

Which rock is associated with the formation of black soil?

Basalt (lava rock)

Which states are mainly covered by black soil?

Maharashtra, Saurashtra (Gujarat), Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.

Along which river valleys does black soil extend?

Godavari and Krishna river valleys.

Which nutrients are abundant in black soil?

Calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime.

Which nutrient is deficient in black soil?

Phosphorus

On which rocks does red soil develop?

Crystalline igneous rocks.

In which regions is red soil mainly found?

Eastern and southern parts of the Deccan Plateau.

Which states have red and yellow soils?

Odisha, Chhattisgarh, parts of the Middle Ganga Plain, and the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.

Which crops grow well on laterite soil after soil conservation?

Tea and coffee.

Which states have red laterite soil suitable for cashew nut cultivation?

Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala

Which crop is especially suited to red laterite soil?

Cashew Nut

What is the texture of arid soil?

Sandy

What is the nature of arid soil?

Saline

Which region is a good example of arid soil becoming cultivable through irrigation?

Western Rajasthan

What is the texture of forest soil on valley sides?

Loamy and silty

What is the texture of forest soil on upper slopes?

Coarsed Grain

Name two crops grown in Red and Yellow soil.

Groundnuts and millets

Name two crops grown in Arid soil.

Bajra and wheat

Name two crops grown in Forest and Mountain soil.

Tea and Apple

Name two crops grown in Black soil.

Cotton and Sugarcane