Muscle Identification

Identify

Trapezius

Origin: Skull and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Clavicle and scapula (acromion and spine of scapula)

Action: Elevation, depression and adduction of scapula.

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Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12 and lumbodorsal fascia.

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus.

Action: Extending, adducting and internally rotating arm at shoulder joint. Pull inferior angle of scapula in various directions.

Identify

Levator Scapulae

Origin: Posterior tubercle of transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Superior angle of medial border of scapula.

Function: Lifts the scapula

Identify

Rhomboid minor

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1 and nuchal ligament

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Retract, elevate and rotate scapula

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Rhomboid major

Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Retract, elevate and rotate scapula

Teres Major

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubecular groove of humerus.

Action: Brings humerus towards scapula (adductor).

1

Infraspinatus

2

Teres minor

3

Teres major

4

Triceps long head

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Pectoralis major

Origin: Body of sternum, costocartilages 2-6 and inferomedial portion of clavicle.

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus and lateral lip of intertbecular groove of humerus.

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Pectoralis minor

Origin: Anterosuperior surfaces of ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid processes of scapula.

Action: Pulls scapula to front and downwards (protraction and depression).

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Serratus anterior

Origin: Anterosuperior margins of ribs 1-8/9

Insertion: Medial border of scapula.

Action: Pulls medial border of scapula in. Abduction and protraction of the scapula.

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Deltoid

Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: Lateral humerus (deltoid tuberosity).

Action: Front part - flexion Back part - extension Middle part - abduction

1

Supraspinatus

2

Subscapularis

3

Infraspinatus

4

Teres minor

5

Biceps tendon

Identify

Biceps Brachii long head

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: radial tuberosity.

Action: Flexion of shoulder and elbow and supination.

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Biceps Brachii short head

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Flexes elbow and shoulder and supinates arm.

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Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Shaft of humerus

Action: Flex and adduct arm at shoulder joint

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Brachialis

Origin: Shaft of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna

Action: Flexion of elbow

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Triceps Brachii long head

Origin: Scapula (infraglenoid tubercle)

Insertion: Olecranon process

Function: Extension of humerus and adduction.

Identify

Triceps brachii lateral head

Origin: Shaft of humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Action: Extends forearm.

Identify

Triceps brachii medial head

Shaft of humerus

Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm

Identify

Supraspinatus

Identify

Infraspinatus

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Teres minor

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Teres major

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Subscapularis

1

Extensor indicis

Origin: Posterior surface of distal ulna and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Extensor expansion of index fingers

Action: Extend index finger

2

Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Dorsal shaft of radius/ulna and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx thumb

Action: Extends thumb

3

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Dorsal shaft of radius/ulna and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx thumb

Action: Extends thumb

4

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Posterior shaft of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of first metacarpal and trapezium.

Action: Abducts thumb

5

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna

Insertion: Proximal Radius

Action: Supination of forearm/hand

1

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common)

Insertion: Ulnar dorsal hand (base of 5th metacarpal)

Action: Extends wrist on ulnar side.

2

Extensor digiti minimi

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of little finger

3

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: Extend the four medial fingers at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

4

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal

Action: Extension and abduction of wrist

5

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal.

Action: Extend and abduct

6

Brachioradialis

Origin: Humerus (above lateral epicondyle)

Insertion: Base of styloid process of radius (DOESN’T CROSS WRIST)

Action: Flexor of the elbow (however is part of the extensor compartment)

Identify

Pronator Quadratus

Origin: Distal anterior ULNA

Insertion: Distal anterior RADIUS

Action: Pulls on radius causing pronation.

Pronator Teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Lateral midshaft radius

Action: Pronation

Identify 1

Flexor digitorum profundus

Identify 2

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Radial palmar hand

Action: Flexion and abduction of wrist.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: ulnar palmar hand.

action: flexion and adduction of wrist

Palmaris longus

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Action: Wrist flexion and tensing palmar aponeurosis

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: Flex metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint.