BioConcept Quiz: Energy and Matter Transformation

Requires the most ATP to move across a plasma membrane

An ion moving against a concentration gradient

All chemical reactions that build up or break down macromolecules are termed

Metabolic reactions

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are called

Enzymes

Source of chemical energy used to power a muscle cell

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

How ATP provides energy to a cell

It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process

Cellular respiration (in order)

1st step - Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
2nd step - Citric acid/Krebs cycle (mitochondrial matrix)
3rd step - Electron transport chain (inner mitochondrial membrane)

What can happen to the carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration?

It's converted to glucose by plants

Waste product of fermentation in animals

Lactic acid

Organelle where most ATP is synthesized

Mitochondria

True regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem

Energy flows from the sun to producers and then to consumers

Omnivores derive their energy from

Plants and animals

Level of the trophic pyramid that contains the producers

D (assuming the diagram labels the bottom level as D)

Autotrophs/producers store energy through the process of

Photosynthesis

B

Oxygen

C

Carbon dioxide

When a change in one level of an ecosystem affects the others

Trophic cascade

Population size an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely

Carrying capacity

Example explanation

An environmental change can increase or decrease carrying capacity by changing available resources. For example, a drought reduces water and plant growth, so fewer deer can survive. As food and water become scarce, the carrying capacity decreases and the deer population declines.