Protozoans

Three morphologically identical Entamoeba spp.

E.histolytica

E.dispar

E.hartmanni

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• AKA moshkovskii, bangladeshi

E.dispar

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• small E.histolytica

E.hartmanni

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• Broom stick

• Splinter-like with pointed ends

E.coli

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• Bull’s eye

E.histolytica

E.dispar

E.hartmanni

Identify the spp.:

• no chromatoidal bodies, but has LARGE GLYCOGEN MASS

I. butschlii

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• only atrial amoebae

• Trophozoite stage only

E.gingivalis

Identify the spp:

• basket nucleus

I.butschlii

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• unidirectional and progressive motility

E.histolytica

Identify the Entamoeba spp.:

• Sluggish and non-progressive motility

E.coli

Smallest protozoan

E.nana

Identify the FLA:

• Trophozoite stage can transform into flagellate stage or resistant cyst

• double walled cyst

N.fowleri

Form of N.fowleri with 2 anterior flagella

Flagellate form

• two Ls

Identify the FLA:

• Brain-eating amoeba

• PAM

N.fowleri

Identify the FLA:

• acquired from trauma and contact lens wear

Acanthamoeba spp.

Identify the FLA:

• GAE

• Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis

Acantheamoeba spp.

Identify the FLA:

• Acanthamoeba spp. has been identified as the species responsible for most CNS and eye infections

A.castellani

Identify the flagellates:

• prominent sucking discs and axostyle

• bilaterally symmetical flagellate

G.duodenalis

Identify the flagellates:

• 8 flagella

• 2 anterior, 2 posterior, 4 ventral

• 224 APV

G.duodenale

G.duodenale flagella

224 APV

2 anterior, 2 posterior, 4 ventral

Identify the flagellates:

• Shepherd’s crook

• Cytostome with curved fibril

C.mesnili

Identify the flagellates:

• 4 anterior flagella

C.mesnili

C.mesnili flagella

4 anterior

Identify the flagellates:

• 3 anterior, 1 posterior flagella

E.hominis

E.hominis flagella

3 anterior, 1 posterior

Identify the flagellates:

• bird’s beak

• Cytostome extends above nucelus

R.intestinalis

R.intestinalis resembles what flagellate

C.mesnili

Flagellates NOT found in large intestine

GTT

• G.duodenalis

• T.tenax

• T.vaginalis

Most common non-viral STI in the world

T.vaginalis

Ranking of Top 3 longest undulating membrane

1. P.hominis

2. T.vaginalis

3. T.tenax

Identify the flagellates:

• contaminated milk is suspected of being one of the sources of infection

P.hominis

Identify the flagellates:

• primarily in tartar between the teeth and gingival margin

T.tenax

Who are the blood and tissue flagellates

1. Leishmania

2. Trypanosoma brucei, cruzi

Leishmania vector

Sandflies (Phlebotomus / Lutzomyia spp.)

Leishmania infective and diagnostic stage

Diagnostic: Amastigote

Infective: Promastigote

LAP

T.brucei complex vector

Tse-tse flies (Glossina spp.)

T.cruzi vectors

Kissing bugs (Reduviid or Triatomine spp.)

Only extracellular blood flagellate

T.brucei complex

Identify the flagellates:

• Chagoma

• Romana sign

Chagas disease

Symptom associated with localized swelling in bite site

Chagoma

Symptom associated with swelling of eyelid/conjunctica

Romana sign

Identify the Blood Flagellate stage:

• no flagella

Amastigote

Identify the Blood Flagellate stage:

• Leishman-Donovan body form

• Leishmanial form

Amastigote

Identify the Blood Flagellate stage:

• Leptomonal form

Promastigote

Identify the Blood Flagellate stage:

• first appearance of undulating membrane

Epimastigote

Identify the Blood Flagellate stage:

• Crithidial form

Epimastigote

Identify the Blood Flagellate stage:

• undulating membrane extends to half of body length

Epimastigote

T.brucei complex infective and diagnostic stages

Diagnostic: Trypomastigote

Infective: Trypomastigote

T.cruzi diagnostic and infective stage

Diagnostic: Amastigote, Trypomastigote

Infective: Trypomastigote

Identify the Leishmania spp:

• causes Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

L.brazilensis

Two Leishmania spp. that causes Cutaneous leishmaniasis

1. L.tropica

2. L.mexicana

Two Leishmania spp, that cause Visceral leishmaniasis

1. L.donovani

2. L.chagasi

T.brucei gambiense causes what disease

West african trypanosomiasis

T.brucei rhodiense causes what disease

East african trypanosomiasis

Between Tachzoites and Bradyzoites, which are rapidly dividing

Tachyzoites

Age of RBCs infected for P.falciparum

All ages

Age of RBCs infected for P.vivax and P.ovale

Young RBCs

Age of RBCs infected for P.malariae

Old RBCs

Identify the malarial parasite:

• multiple infection/ring forms of RBCs

P.falciparum

Mnemonic to remember malarial parasite RBC stipplings

Si Ferdinand Marcos at Vilma Santos ay uminom ng Orange Juice sa Manila Zoo

Length of erythrocytic cycle of P.vivax and P.ovale

48hrs

Length of erythrocytic cycle for P.malariae

72 hrs

RBC stipplings are only seen in what developmental stage for malarial parasites

Mature trophozoites

Sausage/Crescent shaped Micro/Macrogametocyte

P.falciparum

Rosette/daisy formation Schizonts

P.malariae

Identify the malarial parasite:

• Malignant tertian malaria

P.falciparum

Identify the malarial parasite:

• Benign tertian malaria

P.vivax

Identify the malarial parasite:

• Quartan malaria

P.malariae

Identify the malarial parasite:

• Ovale tertian malaria

P.ovale

Identify the malarial parasite:

• Quotidian malaria

• every 24 hrs

P.knowlesi

Identify the malarial parasite:

• causes Blackwater fever

P.falciparum

Recrudescence (recurrence of initial infection due to low, undetectable levels in blood) is associated with

P.falciparum

Blood disorder associated with P.falciparum resistance

Sickle cell trait

Blood group associated with resistance to P.vicax

Duffy-negative blood group

Young forms of P.knowlesi resemble _, while mature forms resemble _

Young: P.falciparum

Mature: P.malariae

Babesia tick species

Ixodes spp.

Role of man in Babesia and Toxoplasma

Accidental host

IH of Babesia

Rodent

IH of Toxoplasma

Rodent, bird

Gold standard of detecting T.gondii

Sabin-Feldman dye test

Sabin-Feldman dye test is used to detect what paraite

T.gondii