A&P FINAL EXAM

Word Root

The foundation of the word, usually referring to a body part, such as an organ, system, or action

Prefix

The beginning of a word, usually referring to the location of an organ, the number of parts, or time & frequency

Suffix

The ending of a word, usually referring to a condition, disease, or procedure

Combining vowel

used to combine two root words or a root word and suffix. Combining letter is usually the letter O

Eponym

a medical condition named for a person, place, or thing. Usually named after doctors who had the most patients with that condition

Acronym

using the first letter of a word in a group of words. Ex. ADHD, POTS, COPD

Language for medical terms

Most medical terms are derived from Latin and Greek languages

Organism

The human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, and body systems

The nucleus

The brain of the cell

Cell

Contains 46 chromosomes

Gamete

Contains 23 chromosomes

Types of tissue in the body

Muscle, Epithelial, Connective, Nervous

Sagittal / Median plane

Divides body into left and right

Frontal/Coronal plane

divides the body into front and back

Transverse/Horizontal plane

divides the body into upper and lower

Two Dorsal Cavities

Cranial cavity

Contains the brain

Spinal cavity

Contains the spinal cord

Two ventral cavities

Thoracic cavity

Contains the heart and lungs

Abdominopelvic cavity

Contains the organs of digestion and reproduction

Right

The right side of the patients body

Left

The left side of the patients body

Superior

Located above

Inferior

Located below

Cephalic

Towards the head

Caudal

Towards the tail / feet

Anterior

In front of

Posterior

In back of

Supine

Facing up

Prone

Facing down

Ventral

Belly side of the body

Dorsal

Back side of the body

Medial

Towards the midline of the body

Lateral

Towards the side of the body

Proximal

Towards the point of attachment

Distal

Away from point of attachment

Superficial

Toward the surface of the body (Involving skin only)

Deep

penetrating into a body cavity

Base

Bottom part of an organ

Apex

Pointed tip of an organ

R&L Hypochondriac

Located beneath stomach and ribs

Epigastric

Located above the stomach [between r&l hypochondriac]

R&L Lumbar

lateral areas at the waist

Umbilical

Navel [between r&l lumbar]

R&L Iliac

lateral areas at the hips

Hypogastric

1. below the navel [between r&l iliac]

RUQ

Right upper quadrant

LUQ

1. Left upper quadrant

RLQ

right lower quadrant

LLQ

left lower quadrant

A or An

Without

Anti

Without

Auto

Self

Cephal

Head

Endo

Within

Hyper

above, excessive

Peri

around, surrounding

Algia

Pain

Itis

inflammation

Logy

Study of

Oma

tumor, mass

Pathy

Disease

Sweat glands

Used to regulate body temperature

Sebaceous glands

creates oil from dermis

Hair

Dead cells used to transport oil above the skin to lubricate

Epidermis

Outermost layer composed of stratified squamous cells

Keratin

Makes the skin waterproof

Melanocytes

Produce melanin

Dermis

Second layer of skin where all working parts of the skin are located at

Arrector Pili muscles

Pulls hair upright and creates goosebumps

Cuticle

Fold of skin that covers nail root. If exposed infections can creep inside and cause greenies, must be covered and sealed

Papule

Firm raised lesion less than 0.5 cm

Macule

Flat discoloration less than 1 cm (freckles)

Vesicle

Thin walled blister filled with fluid

Wheals (hives)

irregular shaped with light center, sizes varies

Pustule

Elevated lesion filled with pus

Abrasion

Skin scraped away by friction

Psoriasis

chronic inflammatory conditions forming a silvery scale

Kaposi Sarcoma

Form of skin cancer associated with AIDS

Albino

genetic condition caused by lack of melanin

Vitiligo

loss of pigmentation in patches

Alopecia

Loss of hair of any kind

2nd degree burn

epidermis is gone, the dermis is burning which causes blistering of the skin

Biopsy

removal of a piece of tissue for examination under a microscope

Cryosurgery

Cold therapy/ removal of tissue using extreme cold

Debridement

Removal of foreign matter and dead or damaged skin from wound

albin/o

white

bi/o

life

chondr/o

cartilage

cry/o

cold

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

skin

cyan/o

blue

erythr/o

red

hidr/o

sweat

kerat/o

hard

leuk/o

white

lip/o

fat

melan/o

black

myc/o

fungus