History exam

Alliance System before WWI

Bismarck believing that France will attack Germany and create another war and he creates a system of alliances to be guaranteed a victory over the French.

Allied Powers in WWI

Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and the United States

Central Powers in WWI

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria whose assassination sparked a fuse which led to the First World War.

Alliance System and World War

After war is declared on one country, the allies are dragged into war as a result.

Causes of World War I

Nationalism (Pan-Slavism), militarism and industrialization.

French Goals upon Entering WWI

To get revenge for the Franco-Prussian War and to regain Alsace-Lorraine.

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts.

Failure of the Schlieffen Plan

The British spotted the Germans sneakily coming and warned them.

Type of Warfare in WWI

Trench warfare

New Weapons in WWI

Tanks - they help cross trenches and wire entanglements; Planes - they could drop bombs and shoot down enemy aircraft; Grenades - to throw out before they get close.

Treaty of Versailles

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles and German surrender.

Treaty of Versailles

Required the new German Government to surrender approximately 10 percent of its prewar territory in Europe and all of its overseas possessions and had to demilitarize.

Responsibility of Germany

Germany has to take full responsibility of the war and pay it all back.

Bolsheviks

Responsible for the transformation of Russia into the Soviet Union, led by Lenin.

Stalin

Ultimately took over during WWII.

Rulers during WWII

Japan - Emperor Hirohito or Tojo; Germany - Adolf Hitler; Italy - Benito Mussolini.

Japanese Invasion

They wanted raw materials to fuel its growing industries.

Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler locked everyone in a beer hall to become Nazis and he gets arrested.

Night of the Long Knives

SA leadership was purged.

Hitler's Rise to Power

Hitler becomes the chancellor because he was elected and then became full power of Germany.

Allied Powers in WWII

USSR, US, England, France, UK, and China.

Axis Powers in WWII

Germany, Italy, Japan, and Austria.

Appeasement of Hitler

By giving him the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) and ignoring him when he broke the Treaty of Versailles.

Blitzkrieg

An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory using mechanized warfare.

Holocaust

Began when Hitler passed a law that took away rights of the German Jews and brainwashed people against them.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

To weaken the US to knock them out of the war or even join the war.

Battle of Midway, Coral Sea, Iwo Jima

Coral sea- stopped japanese invasion of australia, first time in history that two sides fight each other without seeing each other

Midway- cripples japanese navy- can no longer launch offensive opperations

Iwo Jima- costliest battle in WWII for US, shows japanese would never surrender

Allies' First Success

North Africa.

Soviet Union's Defense

Launched a sudden counter-attack forcing the Germans onto the defensive.

Invasion of Normandy

To open a second front in Europe and help the Soviets, to retake France.

End of War in Europe

USSR and US met in Berlin and defeated the Nazis; Hitler committed suicide, Mussolini was shot, and German commanders surrendered.

Island Hopping

Strategy of Allies in World War 2 of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others.

Supreme Allied Commanders

Eisenhower - European Theater of Operations; MacArthur - War of the Pacific.

End of War in Asia

US drops atomic bombs, Japan surrenders.

Truman Doctrine

Main aspect was to contain communism and not allow its spread.

Marshall Plan

Provided money for European countries impacted from WWII to help rebuild their economy/country.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Détente

the cooling off of cold war tensions between US and USSR

Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan

an event that contributed to the end of Détente

Mao Tse-tung

Who began communism in China?

Cultural Revolution in China

enforced through violence, censorship - if you did not agree with the Communist Party you may be placed in prison, beaten, or killed

General Douglas MacArthur

Who was the Supreme Allied Commander in Korea?

38th Parallel

Dividing line between North and South Korea

DMZ

Demilitarized zone

Viet Cong tactics

guerrilla warfare, raiding enemy camps, and attacking the enemy when they were tired

Tet Offensive

unsuccessful Vietcong surprise attack in 1968

Vietnamization

President Nixon's policy to end the war by gradually withdrawing troops

Soviet Union in Afghanistan

had difficulty controlling Afghanistan due to the insurgency of Islamic groups opposing the Soviets

Mikhail Gorbachev reforms

Glasnost and Perestroika

Soviet Union collapse

1991

Gandhi's influence

non-violent protests promoted individuals nationwide to take up his example of asceticism, or self-restraint, to achieve social justice

Dayton Accords

peace treaty that ends the Yugoslavian war

Globalization

the transfer of goods, knowledge, information and services across the world

MNC

multinational corporation - stores in other countries

IMF

International monetary fund supporting economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation

Rwandan genocide

involved Hutus and Tutsis

Decolonization effect

Countries around the world became less dependent on Europe

Apartheid

A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites

Nelson Mandela

led the fight against Apartheid

Deng Xiaoping reforms

began a series of reforms called the four modernizations which enforced agriculture, defense industry, and science

Tiananmen Square

protests for democracy in China were defeated by Chinese leaders

Hong Kong protests 2019

to return Hong Kong to a capitalist, Western style democracy

Green Revolution in India

using genetic manipulation on crops to feed the large population

Dalit reforms in India

to even the political power in the country

Gulf War

fighting occurred due to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait prompting US and UN intervention on behalf of neighboring Saudi Arabia

Saddam Hussein removal

He had imprisoned or killed many ethnic or religious groups that disagreed with him (Mass Killing)

Increase of US forces in Iraq

due to 9/11 attacks

Iraqi citizens during Iraq War

they were refugees (ran away and did not come back)

is globalism a net positive or negative affect today

include 3 aspects of globalism that support your side