Neurotransmitters and Neuroplasticity

Flashcards covering key concepts related to neurotransmitters, receptor functions, and neuroplasticity.

Autoreceptors

Presynaptic receptors sensitive to the neuron's own neurotransmitter, controlling neurotransmitter release.

Heteroreceptors

Presynaptic receptors sensitive to neurotransmitters from other neurons.

Presynaptic facilitation

The process by which substances like heroin can enhance dopamine release via GABA heteroreceptor.

Neuroplasticity

The ability of the nervous system to change its synaptic sensitivity and receptor levels due to environment and experience.

Receptor up-regulation

An increase in the number of receptors in response to decreased neurotransmitter availability.

Receptor down-regulation

A decrease in the number of receptors in response to increased neurotransmitter availability.

Deenervation supersensitivity

Increased sensitivity of a postsynaptic cell after the removal of an axon that previously innervated it.

Dopamine D2 receptors

Receptors that are associated with the brain's pleasure system; reduced levels are observed in addiction and obesity.

Gas transmitters

A class of non-classical neurotransmitters, including nitric oxide, that are made on demand.

Endocannabinoids

Retrograde transmitters like anandamide that are released by postsynaptic neurons to alter neurotransmitter release of presynaptic neurons.