Chemistry 6.1 - Bonding Between Metals and Nonmetals

What happens when a metal reacts with a nonmetal?

• Each metal atom loses electrons to form a cation with a full outer shell,

• and each nonmetal atom gains electrons (from the metal) to form an anion with a full outer shell.

How do both nonmetals and metals when they react obey the Octet Rule?

The Octet Rule asserts that atoms will lose or gain electrons to form an ion with a full outer shell when they react with other elements to form compounds.

How do metal atoms and nonmetal atoms react to form ionic compounds? (using info from the periodic table)

Metal atoms lose electrons to achieve the same electron configuration as a noble gas, while nonmetal atoms gain electrons to do the same.

What happens when sodium reacts with chlorine?

Each Sodium atom loses one electron to form a sodium cation (Na+), and each chlorine atom gains one electron to form a chloride anion (Cl^-)

What is ionic bonding?

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in the giant ionic lattice.

What are ionic compounds?

Compounds with a giant ionic lattice structure.

Burning calcium in oxygen produces a white powder called calcium oxide.

Use a diagram to explain, using full electronic structures, how calcium and oxygen bond to form calcium oxide.

Here is the diagram you should draw

Silicon dioxide is heated with sodium carbonate and magnesium oxide to make glass. Sodium carbonate and magnesium oxide contain ionic bonding.

Explain, using full electronic structures, how atoms of magnesium and atoms of oxygen form ions and bond to produce magnesium oxide.

• The electronic configuration of magnesium is 2, 8, 2.

• The electronic configuration of oxygen is 2, 6.

• Each magnesium atom loses two electrons to form an Mg²⁺ ion.

• Each oxygen atom gains two electrons to form a O^2- ion.

• The electronic configuration of an Mg²⁺ ion is 2, 8.

• The electronic configuration of an O^2- ion is 2, 8.

• The Mg²⁺ ions and the O^2- ions are held together by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in the lattice.

(((((Any 6)))))

How is the formula of an ionic compound determined?

The formula of an ionic compound is determined by the number of cations and anions needed to balance the charges of the ions.

How is the formula for aluminium oxide determined?

Aluminium reacts with oxygen to form Al³⁺ and O^2-. Giving the formula Al₂O₃. 2 Al³⁺ = 6 electrons & 3 O^2- = 6 electrons.

What is the formula for magnesium fluoride?

1. The compound contains (Mg²⁺) ions and fluoride (F^-) ions

2. One Mg²⁺ ion is formed for every 2 F^- ions formed

3. The formula is MgF₂

What is the formula for sodium oxide?

1. The compound contains Sodium (Na⁺) ions and oxide (O^2-) ions

2. 2 Na⁺ ions are formed for every O^2- ion formed

3. The formula is Na₂O

What is the formula for zinc chloride?

1. The compound contains zinc (Zn²⁺) ions and chloride (Cl^-) ions

2. 1 Zn²⁺ ion is formed for every 2 Cl^- ions formed

3. The formula is ZnCl₂

What is the formula for iron(II) sulfide.

1. The compound contains iron(II) (Fe²⁺) ions and sulfide (S^2-) ions

2. 1 Fe²⁺ ion is formed for every S^2- ion formed

3. The formula is FeS

What are the ions in Aluminium Bromide? Please also write the formula for each compound.

• Ions in Formula: 1 Al³⁺ and 3Br^-

• Formula: AlBr₃

What are the ions in Copper(II) chloride? Please also write the formula for each compound.

• Ions in Formula: 1Cu²⁺ and 2Cl^-

• Formula: CuCl₂

What are the ions in Zinc sulfide? Please also write the formula for each compound.

• Ions in Formula: 1Zn²⁺ and 1S^2-

• Formula: ZnS

Name the compound with the formula BaCl₂. Please also list the atoms in the formula of each compound.

• Name: Barium Chloride

• Atoms in Formula: 1Ba and 2Cl

Name the compound with the formula Mg₃N₂. Please also list the atoms in the formula of each compound.

• Name: Magnesium Nitrate

• Atoms in Formula: 3Mg and 2N