chapter 5 easy notes

Epidermis

The superficial, thinner layer of skin composed primarily of keratinocytes, providing a barrier to the external environment.

Dermis

The layer located beneath the epidermis, made of connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves, and other structures.

Hypodermis

Not part of the skin; consists of areolar and adipose tissue, serving as insulation and cushioning.

Keratinocytes

Cells that produce keratin, the primary protein in the skin.

Melanocytes

Cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

Langerhans cells

Cells involved in the immune response within the epidermis.

Stratum Basale

Deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs.

Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis comprised of dead keratinized cells.

Thick Skin

Skin that has all five layers of the epidermis, found on palms and soles.

Thin Skin

Skin that contains only four layers of epidermis, covering most other body surfaces.

Papillary Region

Upper layer of the dermis made of areolar connective tissue containing dermal papillae.

Reticular Region

Deeper layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Albinism

A condition characterized by lack of melanin production.

Vitiligo

A condition resulting in loss of melanocytes leading to skin patches.

Terminal Hair

Thick, dark hair that develops in certain areas after puberty.

Eumelanin

The brown/black pigment that contributes to hair and skin color.

Sebaceous glands

Glands that produce sebum to lubricate the skin.

Eccrine sweat glands

Sweat glands that assist in thermoregulation.

Nail body

The visible part of the nail.

Thermoregulation

The function of the skin that regulates body temperature through sweat and blood flow.

Wound Healing

The process involving inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, and maturation phases to restore skin integrity.

Aging in Skin

Changes in skin associated with aging, such as wrinkles, decreased hydration, and lower functional melanocyte numbers.