05.A BIO Energy, Life, & ATP (PART A)

Chemical work

Cellular work that involves:

- Growth/Cell Division

- Protein Synthesis

- DNA Replication

Transport work

Work that involves:

- Movement of Molecules

- Maintain Concentration Gradients

Mechanical work

Work that involves:

- Positioning & Movement of Organelles

- Maintaining Cell Shape

- Beating of Cilia & Flagella

-Muscle Contraction

ATP (Structure)

This molecules is made up of:

*Sugar = Ribose

*Phosphate = 3 phosphate groups

*Nitrogen base = Adenine

ATP (Function)

A molecule that stores energy that can be used to do cellular work

ADP (Structure)

This molecule is made of:

*Sugar = Ribose

*Phosphate = 2 phosphate groups

*Nitrogen base = Adenine

ADP (Function)

A molecule that has "lost" one phosphate and in the process loses/releases energy to do cellular work

ATP-ADP Cycle

The breakdown of ATP into ADP and phosphate releases energy while the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate stores energy

Hydrolysis of ATP

The addition of a water molecule to break the bonds between phosphates; results in the release of energy

Dehydration synthesis of ADP and PO4

The removal of a water molecule to create a bond between the ADP and phosphate

Energy is released

When ATP is converted to ADP and phosphate

Energy is stored

When ADP and phosphate combine to form ATP

Photosynthesis

A process that autotrophs use to trap light energy and stores the energy in macromolecules like glucose

Cellular Respiration

A process that all organisms undergo that releases energy from macromolecules like glucose to produce ATP that can be used by cells to do cellular work

Chemical bonds & Energy

Store energy; the greater the number of bonds the more energy stored

Lipids (fats, oils, waxes)

A type of macromolecule that provides long-term energy for cells

Carbohydrates (sugars and starches)

A type of macromolecule that provides short-term energy to cells

Protein (amino acids, polypeptides, enzymes)

A type of macromolecule that is rarely used by cells for energy unless the organism is starving; typically makes up tissues, organs and muscles

ATP -" a universal biochemical molecule"

Common "currency" used by all cells to do cellular work