Biological Macromolecules SC.912.L.18.1

carbohydrate

main source of short term energy storage for most organisms

lipid

long-term energy storage; part of biological membranes; waterproof coverings/barriers

protein

control rate of reactions and provides structure

nucleic acid

store and transmit hereditary/genetic information

C,H,O,N

elements in protein

C,H,O

elements in carbohydrates and lipids

DISACCHARIDE

2 sugar molecule

MONOSACCHARIDE

1 sugar molecule

Monomer of Carbohydrates

Simple sugars (Glucose)

Monomer of proteins

Amino Acid

Fatty Acids And Glycerol Molecule

What is the monomer of Lipids?

Monomer of Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

Components of Nucleic Acid

Macromolecules

large molecules

monomer

the building block of a macromolecule

Chitin

Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls.

Cellulose

polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls

Starch

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.

Glycogen

An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.

Glycerol

Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.

Polypeptide

long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

peptide bond

Bonds that connect amino acids.

unsaturated fatty acids

double bonds, liquid at room temperature, bent fatty acid chains

saturated fats

fats that are solid at room temperature single bonds only, straight fatty acid chains

Enzyme

protein that are biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions

RNA

single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

Adeine pairs with

Thymine

Cytocine pairs with

Guanine

Nucleotide only found in RNA

Uracil

Glucose

A monosaccharide also known as blood sugar

Structure of Monomer of Carbohydrates

hexagon

Structure of the Monomer of Proteins

Butterfly Shape with a Nitrogen Atom and an R group

Structure of Lipids

long carbon chains, saturated and unsaturated

Structure of Nucleotides

sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen base

Structure of polysaccharides

many hexagons attached to each other