Human Geography Unit 4 Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards for Human Geography Unit 4

Demographics

The characteristics of a population such as the race, sex and age of a population.

Birth Rate

The number of births in an area per 1000 people

Death Rate

The number of deaths in an area per 1000 people

Natural Increase Rate

Birth rate - Death rate

Immigration Rate

The number of people moving into an area per 1000 people

Emigration Rate

The number of people moving out of an area per 1000 people

Net Migration Rate

Immigration rate - Emigration rate

Population Growth Rate

Natural increase rate + Net migration rate

Doubling Time

The amount of time it takes for a country to doubles = 70 / population growth

Dependency Load

The percentage of population under 16 and over 64 who are reliant on the working age population for support.

Population Pyramid

Graph that shows the percent of the population by sex and age. You can determine the birth rate, death rate, dependency load, and life expectancy and show trends in the past, examine the current resident profile, and also help project how the population will increase/decrease in the future.

Demographic Transition Model

An explanation of how societies transition from places with very high birth and death rates in agricultural society to urbanized and industrialized society. The focus of the model is the changes in the society that cause these changing populations.

Colonialism

Acquiring control over another country, occupying it, and exploiting it economically

Residential School

Government-sponsored religious schools that were established to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.

Push Factor

Circumstances/Factors that motivate people to leave their home country. Lack of jobs or opportunities.

Pull Factor

Immigrants choose a place to live because something is appealing to them there. ex.Employment opportunities, Higher income, Better working conditions and facilities, Educational opportunities

Developed World

Industrialized countries that have high standards of living, and have strong economic growth.

Developing World

Agrarian (or at least not industrialized) countries that have lower standards of living, and have a very weak economy with slow or nonexistent growth.

Refugee

Someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence. A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.

Sustainability

The integration of environmental health, social equity and economic vitality in order to create thriving, healthy, diverse and resilient communities for this generation and generations to come.

Urban

Town, city or bigger with a higher population density

Rural

Fewer people in an area which is less developed

Suburban

A place where people live just outside of a city or town

Infant Mortality

A quality of life indicator

Life Expectancy

A quality of life indicator

Education Access

A quality of life indicator

Literacy Rates

A quality of life indicator

Employment

A quality of life indicator

Income

A quality of life indicator

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Measures the total output created through the production of goods and services in a country during a certain period. It also measures the income earned from that production. It indicates the health of a country's economy.

HDI: Human Development Index

Long & healthy life, Knowledge, a decent standard of living

HPI: Happy Planet Index

A measure of the sustainability of a country’s well-being, not a measure simply of its well-being or actual happiness.