act 2_unit 1

chiefly (adv)
/ˈtʃiːfli/

chủ yếu, phần lớn
e.g. Bones are complete organs composed chiefly of connective tissue called osseous (bony) tissue, plus a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves

strand (n)
/strænd/

sợi, bó sợi
e.g. Osseous tissue consists of a combination of osteocytes (bone cells), dense connective tissue strands known as collagen, and intercellular calcium salts

fetal (adj)
/ˈfiːtəl/

thuộc thai nhi
e.g. During fetal development, the bones of the fetus are composed of cartilaginous tissue, which resembles osseous tissue but is more flexible and less dense

fetus (n)
/ˈfiːtəs/

thai nhi
e.g. During fetal development, the bones of the fetus are composed of cartilaginous tissue, which resembles osseous tissue but is more flexible and less dense

embryo (n)
/ˈembriəʊ/

phôi thai
e.g. As the embryo develops, the process of depositing calcium salts in the soft, cartilaginous tissue occurs and continues throughout the life of the individual after birth

deposite (v)
/dɪˈpɒzɪt/

lắng đọng, tích tụ
e.g. As the embryo develops, the process of depositing calcium salts in the soft, cartilaginous tissue occurs and continues throughout the life of the individual after birth

bony (tissue) (adj)
/ˈbəʊni/

thuộc xương, mô xương
e.g. Osteoclasts are large cells that function to reabsorb, or digest, bony tissue

phagocyte (n)
/ˈfægəsaɪt/

tế bào thực bào
e.g. Osteoclasts (also called bone phagocytes) digest bone tissue from the inner sides of bones

lay down (phr v)
/leɪ daʊn/

lắng đọng, tạo ra và đặt vào vị trí
e.g. When a bone breaks, osteoblasts lay down the mineral bone matter

matter (n)
/ˈmætər/

chất, vật chất
e.g. When a bone breaks, osteoblasts lay down the mineral bone matter (calcium salts)

debris (n)
/ˈdeɪbriː/

mảnh vụn, phần còn sót lại
e.g. When a bone breaks, osteoblasts lay down the mineral bone matter and osteoclasts remove excess bone debris

tear down (phr v)
/teər daʊn/

phá hủy, phân giải
e.g. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together in all bones throughout life, tearing down and rebuilding bony tissue

sufficient (adj)
/səˈfɪʃənt/

đủ, đầy đủ
e.g. These minerals must be taken into the body along with a sufficient amount of vitamin D

osteoblastic (adj)
/ˌɒstiəʊˈblæstɪk/

thuộc nguyên bào xương
e.g. Once calcium and phosphorus are in the bones, osteoblastic activity produces an enzyme that forms calcium phosphate

impulse (n)
/ˈɪmpʌls/

xung động, xung thần kinh
e.g. If the proper amount of calcium is lacking in the blood, nerve fibers are unable to transmit impulses effectively to muscles

spasm (n)
/ˈspæzəm/

co thắt, co giật cơ
e.g. If the proper amount of calcium is lacking in the blood, nerve fibers are unable to transmit impulses effectively to muscles, the heart muscle becomes weak, and muscles attached to bones undergo spasms

parathyroid gland (n)
/ˌpærəˈθaɪrɔɪd ɡlænd/

tuyến cận giáp
e.g. The necessary level of calcium in the blood is maintained by the parathyroid gland

tumor (n)
/ˈtuːmər/

khối u, u
e.g. An excess of the hormone (caused by tumor or another pathologic process) will raise blood calcium at the expense of the bones