CHEM 201: Structure and Bonding

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding electronic structure, bonding types, electronegativity, and the properties of ionic and covalent compounds as discussed in the CHEM 201 lecture.

What is the goal of chemistry 201 regarding chemical species?

To learn how to represent the structure of chemical species in ways that reflect properties of chemical substances.

What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity (χ) is the desire of one atom for the valence electrons of neighboring atoms.

What happens when atoms with large differences in electronegativity come together?

Valence electrons are transferred, forming ions and resulting in ionic bonding.

What is ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding involves electrostatic forces (attractions) between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions in an ionic solid.

How does electronegativity vary in the periodic table?

Electronegativity increases from bottom to top in a group, and from left to right in a period.

What type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference (Δχ) is greater than 1.8?

Ionic bonding is formed when Δχ is greater than 1.8.

How can you identify a polar covalent bond?

A bond is considered polar covalent when the electronegativity difference (Δχ) is between 0.4 and 1.8.

What is a bond dipole?

A bond dipole indicates an unequal distribution of electron density in a bond, with partial charges denoted by δ+ and δ-.

What is the trend in ionic compounds regarding solubility and electrical conductivity?

Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when dissolved in water, forming solvated ions.

What determines the physical properties that indicate the type of bonding in a compound?

Physical properties such as melting point, state of matter, and electrical conductivity provide evidence for the type of bonding.

When two atoms have similar electronegativity and form a bond, how do they bond?

The atoms share their valence electrons to form covalent bonds.

What is the significance of using delta notation (δ) in bond polarity?

Delta notation indicates the presence and significance of partial charges due to differences in electronegativity in covalent bonds.

What is the goal of chemistry 201 regarding chemical species?

To learn how to represent the structure of chemical species in ways that reflect properties of chemical substances.

What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity (\chi) is the desire of one atom for the valence electrons of neighboring atoms.

What happens when atoms with large differences in electronegativity come together?

Valence electrons are transferred, forming ions and resulting in ionic bonding.

What is ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding involves electrostatic forces (attractions) between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions in an ionic solid.

How does electronegativity vary in the periodic table?

Electronegativity increases from bottom to top in a group, and from left to right in a period.

What type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference (\Delta\chi) is greater than 1.8?

Ionic bonding is formed when \Delta\chi is greater than 1.8.

How can you identify a polar covalent bond?

A bond is considered polar covalent when the electronegativity difference (\Delta\chi) is between 0.4 and 1.8.

What is a bond dipole?

A bond dipole indicates an unequal distribution of electron density in a bond, with partial charges denoted by \delta+ and \delta- .

What is the trend in ionic compounds regarding solubility and electrical conductivity?

Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when dissolved in water, forming solvated ions.

What determines the physical properties that indicate the type of bonding in a compound?

Physical properties such as melting point, state of matter, and electrical conductivity provide evidence for the type of bonding.

When two atoms have similar electronegativity and form a bond, how do they bond?

The atoms share their valence electrons to form covalent bonds.

What is the significance of using delta notation (\delta) in bond polarity?

Delta notation indicates the presence and significance of partial charges due to differences in electronegativity in covalent bonds.

What is the primary difference in bonding between ionic and molecular compounds regarding electronegativity?

Ionic compounds form when there is a large electronegativity difference (\Delta\chi > 1.8), leading to electron transfer and electrostatic attraction. Molecular compounds (covalent) form when there is a smaller electronegativity difference (\Delta\chi < 1.8), leading to electron sharing.