APUSH - Period 8 part 3 IDs

Dolores Huerta

Co-founder of the United Farm Workers and an advocate for labor rights.

Cesar Chavez

Labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the United Farm Workers.

United Farm Workers

A labor union for farm workers in the U.S. co-founded by Cesar Chavez.

Chicanos

Mexican Americans, especially those who identify with their cultural heritage.

NIYC/AIM

National Indian Youth Council / American Indian Movement, organizations advocating for Native American rights.

Vine Deloria

A Native American author and activist known for his works on tribal rights.

Equal Pay Act

A law that mandates equal pay for equal work regardless of gender.

Women’s liberation

A movement aimed at achieving equality for women in various aspects of society.

The Feminine Mystique

A book by Betty Friedan that explored the dissatisfaction of women in traditional roles.

Betty Friedan

An American feminist writer and activist known for her book The Feminine Mystique.

N.O.W.

National Organization for Women, an organization dedicated to advocating for women's rights.

Feminists

Individuals who advocate for the rights and equality of women.

Gloria Steinem

A leading figure in the feminist movement and journalist.

Ms. Magazine

A publication founded by Gloria Steinem that focuses on women's issues.

National Women’s Political Caucus

An organization that seeks to increase women's participation in politics.

Griswold v. Connecticut

A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled the Constitution provides a right to privacy.

Roe v. Wade

The Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the United States.

Shirley Chisholm

The first African American woman elected to the U.S. Congress.

Imperial presidency

A term used to describe increased presidential powers, particularly in foreign affairs.

Detente

A period of eased tensions and improved relations between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

Nixon’s relationship with USSR and China

Characterized by diplomatic negotiations and efforts to reduce Cold War tensions.

Henry Kissinger

U.S. Secretary of State known for his role in shaping U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War.

SALT I

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, agreements between the U.S. and USSR to limit nuclear arms.

Playing the China card

A diplomatic strategy used to gain leverage against the USSR by improving relations with China.

Nixon Doctrine

The policy that the U.S. would support allies with military power, but not with ground troops.

New Federalism

A political philosophy that seeks to shift powers from the federal government to the states.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A government agency created to enforce regulations to protect the environment.

Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act

Legislation aimed at reducing pollution in the air and water.

26th Amendment

Constitutional amendment granting the right to vote to those 18 years and older.

Silent Majority

A term used by Nixon to refer to a significant but quiet segment of the American population.

Southern Strategy

A Republican Party strategy to increase support among white voters in the South.

War Powers Act

A law limiting the President's ability to initiate military action without congressional approval.

Yom Kippur War

A conflict between Israel and a coalition of Arab states in 1973.

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which regulates oil production.

Oil embargos

A policy of restricting the supply of oil to influence political decisions.

Watergate Scandal

A major political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.

CREEP

Committee to Re-elect the President, involved in the Watergate scandal.

Saturday Night Massacre

A term describing the firing of Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox.

Credibility Gap

The public's skepticism toward government statements during the Vietnam War and Watergate.

Warren Court

The Supreme Court during Earl Warren's tenure, known for landmark rulings on civil rights.

Engel v. Vitale

A Supreme Court case that ruled school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Supreme Court case establishing the right to counsel for defendants.

Miranda v. Arizona

Case establishing the requirement for Police to inform suspects of their rights.

Conservative views of Court

A judicial philosophy favoring limited governmental power and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Desegregation busing

The transportation of students to promote school integration.

Burger Court

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Warren Burger, characterized by a moderate approach.

George McGovern

A Democratic presidential candidate known for his anti-Vietnam War stance.

1970’s energy crisis

A period marked by oil shortages and rising prices in the U.S.

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

A book that raised awareness about the dangers of chemical pesticides.

Loving v. Virginia

A significant Supreme Court case that struck down laws against interracial marriage.

Baker v. Carr

Supreme Court case that established the principle of one-person, one-vote.

Rustbelt

Region in the U.S. that experienced economic decline due to industrial changes.

Stagflation

An economic condition characterized by stagnant growth and high inflation.

Whip Inflation Now (WIN)

A campaign initiated by the Ford administration to combat inflation.

Eagle Forum

A conservative interest group founded by Phyllis Schlafly focusing on traditional family values.

Stonewall Riot

A series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community against police raids.

National Gay and Lesbian Task Force

An organization advocating for LGBTQ+ rights and equality.

Harvey Milk

The first openly gay elected official in California, advocating for LGBTQ+ rights.

Moral Majority/Christian Coalition

Political organizations that advocate for conservative Christian values in politics.

Save our Children

A campaign led by Anita Bryant opposing the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals.

Anita Bryant

A singer and activist known for her opposition to LGBTQ+ rights in the 1970s.

Religious Right

A conservative political movement that emphasizes Christian values in public policy.

Phyllis Schlafley

A conservative activist known for her opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment.

Hyde Amendment

Legislation prohibiting federal funds from being used for abortions.

Equal Rights Amendment

A proposed amendment to ensure equal legal rights for all citizens regardless of sex.

Gerald Ford

The 38th President of the United States, who took office after Nixon's resignation.

Little Tigers

Refers to the Asian economies that rapidly grew during the late 20th century.

Jimmy Carter

The 39th President known for his focus on human rights and energy crisis management.

Love Canal

A neighborhood in New York contaminated by toxic waste, raising awareness about environmental issues.

Three Mile Island

Site of a nuclear accident in Pennsylvania, influencing public perception of nuclear energy.

Carter and the Panama Canal

Negotiated treaties that transferred control of the Panama Canal to Panama.

Camp David Accords

A peace agreement between Israel and Egypt brokered by President Carter.

Human Rights Diplomacy

A foreign policy approach prioritizing the promotion of human rights around the world.

SALT II

A treaty aimed at limiting nuclear arms between the U.S. and USSR, but never ratified.

Iran Hostage Crisis

A diplomatic standoff where 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage in Iran.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

A conflict that began in 1979, leading to a long-term military engagement.

Title IX

A federal law prohibiting sex-based discrimination in educational institutions.

Neoconservatives

A political movement promoting a return to traditional conservative values and foreign policies.