Quiz 03 Review: Hydrocarbons, Functional Groups, and Lipids

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the Hydrocarbons, Functional Groups, and Lipids lecture notes, including definitions of terms, properties of functional groups, and characteristics of different lipid types.

Hydrocarbon differences

Hydrocarbons can differ in length, branching, number and position of carbon-carbon double bonds, and the presence or absence of rings.

Hydrogen bonding in hydrocarbons

Molecules that are strictly hydrocarbons cannot be involved in hydrogen bonding.

Methyl group

A nonpolar functional group.

Ionic functional groups

Functional groups that can exist in an ionic state include Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, and Phosphate.

Hydroxyl group

The functional group involved in alcohols.

Amino group (protonated state)

A functional group that is an ion in its protonated state (-NH3+).

Functional groups ionized in deprotonated state

Carboxyl, Sulfhydryl, and Phosphate groups are ionized when in their deprotonated state.

Carbonyl group

A functional group that can appear as either a Ketone or an Aldehyde.

Amino group (base form)

The unprotonated form (-NH2) of an amino group.

Amino group (protonated form)

The form of an amino group with an extra proton (-NH3+).

Effect of strong base on amino group

Adding a strong base to a solution containing an amino group increases the concentration of its unprotonated (base) form.

Deprotonated functional groups and ionization

Not all functional groups are ionized when in their deprotonated states (e.g., the deprotonated amino group -NH2 is not ionized).

Phospholipid

A type of lipid that contains two fatty acids and has a polar 'head'.

Sterol

A type of lipid that contains several rings.

Testosterone

A sterol lipid.

Lipid bilayers and micelles

Structures that can be formed by phospholipids in aqueous solutions.

Carboxyl group (in fatty acids)

The functional group present in every fatty acid.

Ester linkage

The covalent bond that links a fatty acid to a molecule of glycerol.

Triacylglycerols

These molecules are not polymers.

Fat melting temperature (carbon chain length)

Fats made of fatty acids with longer carbon chains have a higher melting temperature.

Fat melting temperature (saturation)

Fats made of less saturated fatty acids have a lower melting temperature.

Cis vs. Trans double bonds and melting point

A fatty acid with a trans-double bond will have a higher melting point than one with a cis-double bond, all else being equal.

Amphipathic

Describes molecules, like phospholipids, that have both a polar and a nonpolar part.