D and F block elements(JEE)

D and F elements belong to ___ group

3-12

outer electronic configuration of D block

(n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻²

outer electronic configuration of D block is (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻². what is the exception for this rule?

Pd (4d¹⁰ 5S⁰)

D block has more than one typical metallic structure, what is/are the exception to this?

Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn

why do D block elements have more melting point?

there is more involvement of (n-1)d electrons(covalent bonding) in addition to interatomic metallic bonding

in a graph of MP(melting point) plotted against Z(Atomic number), the curve peaks at dˣ configuration, where x=___. Exceptions for this are?

5, exceptions: Mn, Tc

metal metal bonds are more uncommon in 5d and 4d series compared to 3d series. true or false?

false(more common in 5d and 4d)

for ions of the same charge, radius _______(increases/decreases) with increasing at. no. Why?

decreases, due to increasing nuclear charge

Zr and Hf have similar atomic radius. this is a consequence of ____

lanthanide effect

density significantly _____ from Ti to Cu

increases

ns electrons are lost before (n-1)d electrons. True or false?

true

True or false: differentiating electron enters ns orbital first

false, differentiating electron enters the (n-1)d orbital

factors affecting IE

attraction to nucleus, inter electron repulsion, exchange energy

name the transition metal exhibiting +1 oxidation state

Cu

name the transition metal exhibiting highest oxidation state

Mn(+7)

what are the oxidation states shown by Fe

2, 3, 4, 6

oxidation states exhibited by Scandium

+3

elements showing the largest number of oxidation states have dˣ configuration, where x=_

5

usually lower oxidation states are favored by heaver members of the p block. Is this trend continued in the d block?

no

true or false: Mo(VI) and W(VI) are less stable than Cr(VI)

false(higher oxidation states of d block are more stable in heavier elements)

MoO3(hehe moo) and WO3 are stronger oxidizing agents than CrO3. true or false?

False(since Mo(VI) and W(VI) are more stable than Cr(VI)

higher oxidation states form

fluorides and oxides

why do higher oxidation states form halides?

due to high lattice energy as in the case of CoF3 or high bond enthalpy as in the case of VF5 and CrF6

highest oxidation state of Mn is found in

MnO3F

fluorides are more stable at low oxidation state. true or false?

false

oxygen stabilizes higher oxidation states better than fluorine. true or false?

true

highest Mn fluoride is?

MnF4

highest Mn oxide is?

Mn2O7

magnetic moment is calculated using the formula

√(n(n+2)) BM

catalytic activity of d block is due to?

multiple oxidation states, ability to form complexes

state 4 properties of interstitial compounds

high melting point, hard, retain metallic conductivity, chemically inert

_____ interstitial compounds approach diamond in hardness

boride

alloys are formed when atomic radii are within ___ % of each other

15

lanthanoids have ___ stable oxidation states

1

actinoids have one stable oxidation state. true or false?

false

characteristics of lanthanoids(3)

tarnish rapidly in air, silvery white metals, soft

hardness _____ with increase in atomic number for lanthanoids

increases

the hardest lanthanoid is

lutetium

lanthanoids are coloured in aqueous solutions. the exceptions are:

La, Ce, Gd, Lu

stability of half filled configuration is found in ____ in lanthanoids

Gadolinium

earlier members of the lanthanoid series are similar to ___, higher members are similar to ___

Ca, Al

mischmetal contains ___% lanthanoid

95

TiO is used in manufacture of ___

pigments

MnO2 is used in the manufacture of ____

dry cell batteries

formula for Ziegler catalyst

TiCl₄

Wacker's process uses the catalyst ___

PdCl2

a compound has empty d orbitals yet is coloured, give a reason for this

due to charge transfer

MnO₄¯ has no d electrons, yet is coloured, why?

due to charge transfer phenomenon

how many of the following are interstitial compounds?

TiC, Mn₄N, Fe₃H

3

___ and ___ do not form amalgams

Fe and Pt

Nichrome consists of

Ni, Fe, Cr

german silver consists of

Cu, Ni, Zn

Gun metal consists of

Cu, Sn, Zn

Devarda's alloy consists of

Cu, Al, Zn

Duralumin consists of

Cu, Al, Mn, Mg

how is potassium dichromate prepared

fusion of chromite ore with sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate in excess air to form chromate, which is made to react with conc. H2SO4 to form dichromate

chromite ore

FeO.Cr2O3

colour of dichromate solution

orange red

when alkali is added to dichromate solution, what is the colour change? what happens when it is acidified

orange red to yellow, back to orange red when acidified

how is potassium permanganate prepared

fusion of MnO2 with alkali metal hydroxide and oxidizing agent like KNO3

common oxidation states of actinides

+3 and +4

radioactive lanthanide

Promethium

Actinides form complexes. True or false?

True

highest negative enthalpy of hydration is for

Ni

why doesn't Copper iodide exist

oxidizes I- to I2

shape of Mn2O7

tetrahedral

shape of chromate

tetrahedral

number of metal - oxygen - metal linkages in Mn2O7

1

number of metal - oxygen - metal linkages in dichromate

1

colour of Mn2O7

green

magnetic nature of KMnO4 is _____

diamagnetic with weak temperature dependent paramagnetism

magnetic nature of manganate

paramagnetic

in acidic solution, permanganate converts I- to

I2

in neutral solution, permanganate converts I- to

IO3-

why are permanganate titrations in HCl unsatisfactory

HCl is oxidized to Cl2

magnetic nature of lanthanoid ions

paramagnetic, except for La3+, Ce4+, Yb2+, Lu3+

which contractions is greater? actinoid or lanthanoid

actinoid

________ (actinoid/lanthanoids) take part in bonding more than the other

actinoid(as their 5f orbitals are less burried)

colour of manganate

green

colour of permanganate

purple

difference in structures of permanganate and manganate

pi bonds in manganate and permanganate are of ___ type

pπ-dπ

FeCr2O4 is fused with Na2CO3 in air, yellow solution is obtained. Formula of this yellow solution is

Na2CrO4

FeCr2O4 is fused with Na2CO3 in air, yellow solution is obtained. On acidification, _____ is formed

Na2Cr2O7

FeCr2O4 is fused with Na2CO3 in air, yellow solution is obtained. On acidification, and on treatment with KCl an orange coloured solution of _______ is obtained

K2Cr2O7

FeCr2O4 is fused with Na2CO3 in air, yellow solution is obtained. On acidification, and on treatment with KCl an orange coloured solution is obtained, which oxidizes Na2SO3 to _______

Na2SO4

heating of KMnO4 gives

K2MnO4

why is La(OH)3 more basic than Lu(OH)3

lanthanide contraction, covalent character increases with decrease in size(Fajan's rule)