biochem important things

Glucose

= aldose

Fructose

= ketose

D

= OH right

L

= OH left

α

= OH down

β

= OH up

Maltose

= G + G

Lactose

= G + Gal

Sucrose

= G + F

Glycogen

= animal

Cellulose

= plant wall

Amylose

= linear

Amylopectin

= branched

Saturated

= solid

Unsaturated

= liquid

Omega-3

= fish

Prostaglandins

= inflammation

Triglyceride

= glycerol + 3 FA

Esterification

= makes fat

Hydrogenation

= adds H

Hydrolysis

= breaks fat

Saponification

= makes soap

Steroid

= 4 fused rings

HDL

= good

LDL

= bad

Glycine

= not chiral

L amino acids

= proteins

Peptide bond

= dehydration

Primary

= sequence

Secondary

= H bonds

Tertiary

= 3D

Quaternary

= multiple chains

Cysteine

= disulfide bond

Hemoglobin

= transports O₂

Myoglobin

= stores O₂

Sickle cell

= Glu → Val

Denaturation

≠ break peptide bonds

Bronsted acid

= H⁺ donor

Lewis acid

= electron acceptor