HS 201 Exam (pt2)

horticulture

Culture of garden plants

Hortus

garden

Colere/culturae

to cultivate

What makes a plant horticultural?

Used primarily in its living state

Highly perishable

High in constituent water

Intensively cultivated

Botany

Study of plant growth and development

Classifies plant by their evolutionary relationships, not by their use

Traditionally focuses on wild/native plants

Agronomy and Forestry

Management of plants for increased production

Does not focus on individual plants but instead large acreage

Less intensive management than horticulture crops

Appearance less important

Olericulture

study of the cultivation of vegetables

tomatoes

#1 selling veggie

California

#1 veggie producer

Pomology

study of the cultivation of fruits

Post harvest physiology

study of extending the keeping quality (shelf life) of horticultural products

Main examples of post harvest physiology

Roses, bananas, Christmas trees

Viticulture

cultivation of grapes

Enology

study of the wine and the making of wine

Hampton Court Palace

former palace of royal monarchy

Has spot of barren fallow soil

One vine is greenhouse and gets nutrients from that one spot with no competition

Floriculture

growth and study of flowers

Poinsettia

#1 flower sold

yellow

The flower color of all poinsettias

Greenhouse management

study and growth of plants in a greenhouse environment

Turf grass management

growth and study of turf grass

Nursery management

outdoor growth and study of plants produced for use in landscapes

Oregon

Biggest production of nursery management

Landscape horticulture

designing spaces with plants

George Washington Vanderbilt

Biltmore

Richard Morris Hunt

Biltmore architect

Fredrick Law Olmsted

Biltmore landscape architect

Interiorscaping

the use of design to place and care for indoor plants

80%

amount of people that hadn't noticed that there were plants in Crabtree

Horticultural therapy

using plants as a therapeutic tool

Arboriculture

growth and study of trees

9/11 Memorial Tree

pyrus calleryana

Plant taxonomy and nomenclature

Based on reproductive similarities

3 main reasons naming plants not based on leaves

Genetics

Age (Adult vs. Juvenile)

Environmental

Genetic = polymorphic

Green backs & brown backs

Environmental stimuli

Leaves in shade will larger and darker green

North is shady & south is sunny

Why are reproductive features better to classify plants?

Bonsai trees

Divisions/Phylum (12)

Within a (plant) kingdom

Class (12)

Within a division

Gymnospermae (class)

do not produce flowers or fruit

Plants producing naked seeds (cones)

Around 1,000 different species

Cycads, ginkgo, conifers

Uses: Pulp, paper, lumber, ornament, rosin, turpentine

Example of conifer

Pinus lambertiana: sugar pine

sugar pine

Tallest & most massive Pine

Longest cones of any conifer

Angiospermae (class)

Fruit bearing plants

250,000 - 300,000 different species

Plants having broad leaves

Uses: Food, fiber, beverage, paper, oils, spices

Filicinae (class)

Ferns!

subclass

Within a class

Monocotyledonae (subclass within class Angiospermae)

Only one cotyledon (seed leaf)

Flower parts in multiple of 3

Leaves with parallel venation (veins)

50,000 different species

Grasses, palms, lilies, iris, orchids

Dicotyledonae (subclass within class Angiospermae)

Two cotyledons (seed leaf)

Flower parts in multiples of 4 & 5

Leaves with reticulate venation

200,000 different species

Deciduous trees, shrubs, fruit tree

Order

Within a subclass

Orders

Liliales

Palmales

Graminales (grasses)

family

Within an order

Family

a group of closely related Genera, based on certain plant structures or one their biochemistry

All families end in

"ACEAE"

Poaceae

Grass family

Rosaceae

Roses, apples, pears, strawberries

Solanaceae (nightshade family)

Potato, tomato, tobacco

Fagaceae

Oaks, beech, chestnuts

genus

Within a family

Genus

A group of plants within a family that are similar

A group of plants that have reproductive similarities

Common Genera

Oaks (Quercus)

Maples (Acer)

Ash (Fraxinus)

Dogwood (Cornus)

Holly (Ilex)

Pine (Pinus)

species

Within a genus

Species

A group of plants within a genus that share similar vegetative and reproductive characteristics

Kingdom

Plants

Division

Tracheophyta

Class

Angiospermae