Cancer cells anatomy

Atrophy

Decrease in size from aging

Hypertrophy

Increase in size from workload

Hyperplasia

increase in number from hormones

Metaplasia

changes into another cell (protective response to stimuli)

Dysplasia

change in size shape or orientation from stimuli

Neoplasia

change in cell structure which leads to uncontrolled growth

carcinoma

cancer in epithelial cells

• internal/external linings of the body

sarcoma

cancer in connective tissue

• bones

• tendonds

• cartalidge

• muscle

• fat

myeloma

cancer in plasma cells of bone marrow

leukemia

cancer in bone marrow

lymphoma

cancer in lymphatic system

necrosis

non-programmed cell, tissue, or organ death due to injury, disease, or loss of blood supply

apoptosis

programmed cell death

• cells produced enzymes (DNAses)

• Destroy its own DNA

• essential during development to remove unwanted tissue (webbing between fingers)

• induced to treat cancer

embryonic stem cells

found in the embryo when it’s just a few days old

• pluripotent (can develop into any type of cell)

• research is controversial

adult stem cells

found in tissues all over the body. replace damage or dying cells

• used routinely for cancer treatment

• not pluripotent

• multipotent

umbilical cord blood stem cells

taken from the umbilical cord at birth

• can be banked when your baby is born to be used later in life

• $500-$2000 to set up and $100 a year to maintain

Induced pluripotent stem cells

• adult stem cells that can turn pluripotent

• don’t have to use a 5 day old embryo