TOA Architects

Marc Antoine Laugier

“Primitive hut”

Georges-Eugène Haussmann

converted Paris into a regional metropolis, linking opposite cardinal points and districts

Ebenezer Howard

Designed Garden City

Peter Behrens

One of the founders of Deutsche Werkbund— an organization of architects, artists, desgners, craftsmen

• German General Electric Company

• AEG Turbine Factory

Walter Gropius

Believed that architecture are based on machines; Expressionism

• Fagus Shoe Factory

• School of Arts and Crafts at Weimar & Weimar Academy of Fine Arts

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Worked with Behrens; Expressionism, Brutalism

• Werkbund Housing Exhibition, Stuttgart, Germany

• Barcelona Pavilion

“Less is more”

Quote by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jenneret)

Worked for Auguste Perret in Paris(1908) and Behrens in Berlin (1910); published L’Esprit Nouveau and Vers Une Architecture

• Brutalism

• International Style

• Monumentalism

“The house is a machine for living in”

Quote by Le Corbusier

“Form follows function”

Quote by Louis Sullivan

Louis Sullivan

Father of Modernism; Mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright; designing building like a column that has a base, shaft, capital

• The Auditorium, Chicago

• Wainwright Building, Chicago

• Chicago Stock Exchange Building

• Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York

Frank Lloyd Wright

Coined the term “Organic Architecture”

• Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennysylvania

• Solomon R. Gugenheim Museum, NYC

• Johnson Wax Headquarters Building

“A building should be dignified as a tree in the midst of nature”

Quote by Frank Lloyd Wright

“Ornament is a crime”

Quote by Adolf Loos

Adolf Loos

Influenced by Sullivan and Chicago School; Developed RAUMPLAN— method of arranging interior spaces

• Steiner House

• Villa Muller

Cass Gilbert

“celebrity” American architects; pioneered cladding a steel frame and believed that architecture should reflect historic traditions

• Woolworth Building

• U.S. Supreme Court Building

• Minnesota State Capitol Building

• Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House

Auguste Perret

student at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts; National Romantic Style and Art Nouveau

• Rue Franklin Apartment Building, Paris

• Church of Notre Dame du Raincy

• Conseil Economique Social et Environnemental

Alvar Aalto

Finnish Architect and Designer and fond of curves; Nordic Classicism and International Style

• Villa Mairea

• Paimio Sanatorium

• Lakauden Risti

• Church of Santa Maria Assunta, Italy

“Gesamtkunstwerk”

Alvar Aalto; means “Total work of art”

Giacomo Matte-Trucco

Lingotto Factory (1923)

Antonio Sant’Elia

Italian Futurist Architect; remembered for his bold sketches and almost no complete architectural works

“…architects have a special duty and mission… [to contribute] to the socio-cultural development of architecture and urban planning…”

Quote by Kenzo Tange

Kenzo Tange

1987 Pritzker Prize for Architecture; Combined traditional Japanese style with Modernism; Metabolism and Structuralism

• Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

• Yamanashi Press and Broadcasting Center

Kisho Kurokawa

Studied under Tange in U-Tokyo; Founded Anaheim University Kisho Kurokawa Green Institute and designed his own villa ‘Capsule House K’

• Nakagin Capsule Tower, Ginza

• Toshiba Pavillon, Osaka Expo (1970)

• Saitama Prefectural Museum of Modern Art

Kiyonori Kikutake

UIA (Union Internationale des Architectes)

• Marine City Project— Floating Structure and Linear Ocean City

• Edo-Tokyo Museum

Reyer Banham

defined Brutalist Architecture as:

• Memorability as an image

• Clear exhibition of structure

• Valuation of materials as found

Augustus Welby Pugin

Gothic style advocate

Decimus Burton

Neoclassical style advocate

Aldo Van Eyck

Dutch architect and Team X member; criticized early post-war architecture as lacking human element

• Amsterdam Orphanage

“A house must be like a small city if it’s to be a real house; a city [must be] like a large house it’s to be a real city'“

Quote by Aldo Van Eyck

Herman Hertzberger

Dutch architect and Team X member; taught at TUDelft

• Dragoon Housing

“In structuralism, one differentiates between a structure with a long life cycle and infills with shorter life cycles”

Quote by Herman Hertzberger

Piet Blom

Dutch architect and student of Van Eyck

• Kubuswoningen/Cube House

• De Kasbah Collective Housing

Denise Scott Brown

Architect and Urban Planner who formally introduced Post Modern architecture; FFF Studio (form, forces, function)

“Buildings should be built for people, and architecture should listen to them”

Quote by Denise Scott Brown

“Less is a bore”

Quote by Robert Venturi

Robert Venturi

Authored ‘Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture

Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown

urged to ‘celebrate existing architecture’ and authored “Learning from Las Vegas”

“Architecture cannot divorce itself from drawing, no matter how impressive the technology gets…”

Quote by Michael Graves

Michael Graves

Modernist architect; Designs had cubist-inspired elements, and strong and saturated colors

• Portland Building

• Denver Central Library

• Hanselman House

• Team Disney Building

• Walt Disney Dolphin and Swan Hotel

Kenneth Frampton

Architect, historian, author, and architecture critic

Glenn Murcutt

Australian architect and Pritzker Prize Awardee; Reinterpreted key elements of Australian vernacular Architecture

Minette De Silva

1st Sri Lankan Architect; developed regional modernism for the tropics

Balkrishna Doshi

Indian architect; worked under Le Cobusier and Louis Khan

Zaha Hadid

Parametricism

I.M. Pei

Formalism, Modernism

Walter Gropius

Minimalism

Santiago Calatrava

Neofuturism

Norman Foster

Modernism

Eero Saarinen

International Style, Expressionism, Neofuturism

Antoni Gaudi

Modernism, Ergonomic Design, Art Nouveau

Herzog & De Meuron

Complex geometric forms, Innovative facade design

Kean Yeang

Green architecture

Oscar Niemeyer

Free flowing design, Swirling forms

Jorn Utzon

Additive Architecture

Frank Gehry

Deconstructivism

Frank Gehry

Chaos & danger

Francisco Manosa

Contemporary tropical filipino style

Leandro Locsin

Brutalism in Philippines; Floating volume and simple design

Kenzo Tange

Metabolism

Kenzo Tange

Structuralism