Research methods - observational techniques

Observation

A research method where the investigator records the behaviour of participants

What are the different types of observation?

Controlled

Naturalistic

Covert

Overt

Participant

Non-participant

Structured

Unstructured 

Controlled observation

Behaviour is observed in a controlled setting with variables controlled by researcher

Naturalistic observation

Behaviour is observed in an every-day setting and researcher doesn’t intervene at all

Covert observation

Behaviour is observed without knowledge of participants

Overt observation

Participants are aware they’re being observed 

Participant observation 

Researcher becomes a part of the group and observes from within 

Non-participant observation

The observer doesn’t attempt to become part of the group being observed

Structured observation

When certain behaviours are observed separately

Non-structured observation

When an observer notes down everything they see