French revolution

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49 Terms

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Ancien regime

 The Old Order - name of the way the social structure was in France before the revolution

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Bastille

fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789

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Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon’s last battle that lead to his defeat in Belgium

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Battle of Trafalgar

naval battle between England and France which established English naval dominance

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Bourgeoisie

middle class

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Cahier

notebooks of grievances.

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Civil Constitution of the Clergy

law passed during the revolution that stripped the Catholic church of its traditional privileges

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Clemens von Metternich

prince from Austria that oversaw the Congress of Vienna

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Committee of Public Safety

government of France during the reign of terror

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Concert of Europe

maintained the delicate peace in Europe after Napoleon for 100 years

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Confederation of the Rhine

new association formed by Napoleon to establish power and a new kingdom in Germany

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Congress of Vienna

Assembly of European leaders that, met after the Napoleonic era to piece Europe back together on the Continent

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Continental System

plan by Napoleon to defeat Great Britain by boycotting trade

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Conservative

closed to change

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Czar Alexander I

ruler of Russia that defeated Napoleon’s grand army

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Danton

revolutionary leader who was the leader of the Girondins and controlled the international war for France during the Revolution

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Declaration of the Rights of Man

stated the rights of the citizen in France during the revolution

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Directory

weak transitional government after the reign of terror and then overthrown by Napoleon

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Émigré

person who fled France during the Revolution

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1st Estate

clergy

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2nd estate

the nobles

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3rd estate

Everyone in France that is not clergy or noble

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Estates-General

legislative body made up of representatives of the three estates in pre-revolutionary France

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Girondins

moderate, middle class who supported reforms lead by Danton

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Grand Army

Napoleons invading force of 600,000 soldiers

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Great Fear

rumors that spread through the countryside that caused fear and rioting

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Guerilla warfare

type of fighting that uses ‘hit and run’ raids

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Guillotine

instrument of execution

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Jacobins

Radical middle class who supported republic and lead by Robespierre

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Legitimacy

goal of the Congress of Vienna that put the old monarchs back on the throne after Napoleon

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Liberal

open to change

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Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

slogan of the Revolution

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Louis XVI

King of France that was found guilty of crimes again the people and beheaded

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Low Countries

Belgium and Holland

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Marie Antoinette

Queen of France that was found guilty of crimes again the people and beheaded

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Marat

Revolutionary leader murdered in his bathtub

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Napoleon Bonaparte

Military leader who overthrows the French government and becomes a dictator in Europe

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Napoleonic Code

body of French civil laws that served as a model for many nations created by Napoleon

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National Assembly

legislative body established during the moderate phase of the revolution

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Nationalism

pride or loyalty to one’s country, nation or region

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Plebiscite

ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue

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Poland

a kingdom that was reestablished by Napoleon that threatened Russia’s power

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Reign of Terror

time during the French Revolution when people in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution many were executed

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Republic of Virtue

name given to the Revolution during the Reign of Terror that described how a citizen should live and work

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Robespierre

1.     Radical Jacobin responsible for the reign of terror leader that was executed

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Sans-culottes

Radical working class revolutionary who supported the Republic and changed the type of pants men were wearing

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Scorched-earth policy

Russian citizens burned their crops and killed animals to protect the country from the invading French Grand Army

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Suffrage

the right to vote

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Tennis Court Oath

taken by the Estates General when they were locked out of the palace.  Promised not to disband until a constitution is written