Pharmacy Practice Standards Overview

Basic Needs

Essential for emotional and physiologic health and survival

Abraham Maslow

Psychology professor known for the Hierarchy of Needs

Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's framework arranging human needs in a hierarchy

Physiological Needs

Basic physical needs necessary for life

Safety Needs

Establishing stability and consistency in life

Love and Belonging Needs

Desire to belong and feel loved by others

Self-Esteem Needs

Feeling valued and accepted by others

Self-Actualization Needs

Desire to achieve one's full potential

Prevention

Interventions to prevent health issues

Primordial Prevention

Measures to avoid developing risk factors early in life

Primary Prevention

Methods to prevent the occurrence of disease

Secondary Prevention

Early diagnosis and treatment to prevent disease progression

Tertiary Prevention

Methods to reduce harm and agony of disease

Quaternary Prevention

Mitigating unnecessary interventions in the health system

Promotion

Creating environments supporting behavioral health

Curative Care

Treatment to eliminate disease and symptoms

Rehabilitation

Restoring function and maximizing quality of life post-injury

Allied Health Rehabilitation Team

Multidisciplinary team aiding in rehabilitation process

Healthcare in the Philippines

Underwent reforms for easy access to health benefits

DOH

Department of Health; oversees licensed private and public hospitals

CHDs

Centers for Health Department; part of the decentralized health delivery system

RHUs

Rural Health Units; present in every municipality to enhance healthcare access

Diabetes

Genetic belief by 77% of Filipinos; over 5 million diagnosed cases

Tuberculosis

Historical impact on President Quezon; 73 Filipinos die daily

Dengue

Two types: dengue and severe dengue; severe cases in the Philippines

Measles

Resurgence as a public health threat; significant mortality rates

HIV/AIDS

Resurgence as a major public health threat; mortality rates concerning

Cervical Cancer

Second most common cancer in Filipino women; significant mortality

Alcoholism

Alcohol-related deaths surpass HIV/AIDS, violence, and road accidents combined

Medical Marijuana

Growing acceptance for medical use globally; significant legal changes

Communicable Diseases

Major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines

Non-Communicable Diseases

Significant morbidity rate; a health concern in the population

Maternal Mortality Rate

94 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2009; a critical health indicator

Health Expenditure

3.8% of GDP allocated to healthcare; low efficiency noted

Healthcare Payers

National, local governments, social insurance, and private sources contribute

Primary Health Goals

Focus on better outcomes, responsive system, and equitable financing

Health Improvement Plans

Projects like SHIELD and ICHSP aim to enhance local health services

Health Budget Efficiency

Noted low efficiency in health spending; 3.8% of GDP allocated

Philippine Health Agenda

Goals include financial protection, better health outcomes, and responsiveness

Health Agenda Values

Focus on equity, quality, efficiency, transparency, and accountability

Health Agenda Milestones

Key achievements like PhilHealth, devolution, and funding for UHC

Inequities in Health Outcomes

Persistent issues like maternal mortality and child stunting

Healthcare Costs

Impoverishing effects; push families into poverty due to healthcare expenses

User Fees

Prohibitive costs lead to delayed or forgone care; catastrophic expenses noted

Poor quality care

Substandard healthcare synonymous with public clinics and hospitals

Long wait times

Extended periods patients spend waiting for care

Limited autonomy

Restricted freedom to choose healthcare provider

Hygienic restrooms

Clean and well-equipped restroom facilities

Poor record-keeping

Inadequate documentation and organization of patient information

Privacy negligence

Failure to prioritize confidentiality and personal privacy

Overcrowding

Excessive number of patients beyond capacity

Health-related SDG targets

Goals focusing on equity, quality, efficiency, and sustainability in healthcare

Communicable diseases

Illnesses spread through direct or indirect contact

Non-communicable diseases

Medical conditions not spread from person to person

Triple burden of disease

Simultaneous prevalence of infectious, non-communicable, and environmental health issues

Service delivery network guarantee

Assurance of accessible, quality healthcare services

Universal health insurance

Health coverage for all citizens, often funded by government programs

Philhealth

Main financing source for healthcare services in the Philippines

Gatekeeping

Controlled access to specialized healthcare services

Primary care entitlements

Basic healthcare services individuals are entitled to receive

Health promotion

Efforts to enhance well-being and prevent illness

Telemedicine

Remote healthcare services using technology

HRH development

Strategic planning for healthcare workforce improvement

Electronic medical records

Digital documentation of patient health information

Clinical practice guidelines

Recommendations for healthcare providers based on best practices

Community pharmacy

Drug dispensing and health services at local pharmacies

Wholesale pharmacy

Intermediary between drug manufacturers and retailers

Hospital pharmacy

Pharmacy services within hospital settings

Industrial pharmacy

Pharmacy roles in marketing, production, quality control, and research

Government service

Pharmacist roles in various government departments and institutions

Public Health Pharmacy

Focuses on community health needs and interventions

Pharmaceutical Journalism

Field for pharmacists with writing and editing skills

Clinical Pharmacy

Pharmacy practice in a patient-oriented hospital setting

Clinical Pharmacist

Responsible for safe drug use, monitoring, dosing, and therapy control

Extended Pharmacy Services

Expanded services in the healthcare system beyond traditional roles

Philippine Pharmacists' Advocacy Programs

Initiatives supporting pharmacists' professional interests and welfare

Practice Standards for Pharmacists

Guidelines ensuring professional, ethical, and quality pharmacy practices

Core Competency Standards

Essential skills and behaviors expected from pharmacists

Academic Pharmacy

Educational focus preparing students to become professional pharmacists

Regulatory Pharmacy

Pharmacy sector ensuring compliance with laws and regulations

Manufacturing Pharmacy

Pharmacy sector involved in the production and quality management of medicines

Community Pharmacy

Pharmacy providing medicines and health products directly to clients/patients

Quality Management System

System ensuring quality through documentation and continuous improvement

Product Life Cycle Management

Managing products from creation to disposal in a systematic manner

Health Vigilance Programs

Initiatives ensuring health product safety and monitoring

Prescription Validation

Process of verifying and assessing prescription accuracy and suitability

Compounding

Customized preparation of medications based on specific patient needs

Client/Patient Counseling

Educating and guiding clients/patients on safe and effective medication use

Client/Patient Safety

Ensuring the safety and well-being of clients/patients in healthcare settings

Business Sustainability

Maintaining financial viability and operational efficiency of a pharmacy business

Population Health Needs

Identifying and addressing health needs of a specific population

Policy Development

Creating and implementing guidelines and regulations for pharmacy practice

Quality Assurance System

Ensuring service quality through effective monitoring and improvement