Realias тппп

Westminster Palace (Houses of Parliament)

seat of the UK Parliament, housing the

House of Commons and House of Lords.

• Big Ben (Elizabeth Tower)

iconic clock tower, often used metonymically for

Parliament itself.

Downing Street (No. 10)

official residence and office of the Prime Minister.

Buckingham Palace

official residence of the monarch, symbol of the constitutional

monarchy.

Whitehall

street associated with government departments and ministries.

Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

highest judicial authority, located near

Parliament Square

• Magna Carta memorials (British Library)

manuscripts of the Magna Carta,

foundational to UK constitutional tradition.

Tower of London

historic fortress, former royal palace and prison, symbol of

monarchy and justice.

• Royal Courts of Justice

central institution of the judiciary, representing case law and

common law traditions

British Museum

repository of world heritage, symbol of imperial history and cultural

diplomacy.

• Trafalgar Square

public space associated with national identity, protests, and

celebrations.

The Globe Theatre (Shakespeare’s Globe)

cultural realia tied to English literature

and drama.

Tate Modern

modern art museum, symbol of contemporary British culture

National Gallery

iconic art institution at Trafalgar Square.

Scotland Yard

headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, symbol of law enforcement.

City of London (Square Mile)

financial district, representing economic power.

London Stock Exchange

global financial institution.

Royal Albert Hall

cultural landmark for concerts and national events.

White House

the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States; a symbol of the executive branch

Capitol Hill

the seat of the U.S. Congress, where the Senate and the House of Representatives meet.

Supreme Court Building

the building of the highest court in the USA

Pentagon

the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense; a symbol of American military power.

Lincoln Memorial

a monument to Abraham Lincoln, associated with democracy and civil rights.

National Mall

a large public area in Washington, D.C., used for national events

Independence Hall (Philadelphia)

the place where the Declaration of Independence was signed

Statue of Liberty(New York)

a symbol of freedom and immigration.

Mount Rushmore (South Dakota)

a monument with four U.S. presidents

Ellis Island (New York)

a historic immigration center, a symbol of multiculturalism and the immigrant experience

Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.)

a network of museums and research centers; a symbol of knowledge and culture

Times Square (New York)

a major cultural and commercial center; a symbol of modern urban life.

Hollywood (Los Angeles)

the center of the American film industry.

Broadway (New York)

the center of American theatre.

Harvard University (Cambridge, MA)

a prestigious university; a symbol of academic excellence.

Wall Street (New York)

the financial district; a symbol of economic power

Silicon Valley (California)

a global center of technology and innovation

Las Vegas Strip (Nevada)

a famous boulevard known for entertainment and nightlife

Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco)

an iconic engineering landmark

Alcatraz Island (San Francisco Bay)

a former federal prison; a symbol of justice and punishment.

Speaker of the House

the leader of the U.S. House of Representatives, chosen by its members; second in line to the presidency after the Vice President.

• Bipartisan cooperation

• collaboration between the two major U.S. political parties (Democrats and Republicans) to achieve common legislative goals.

• Prime Minister

• the head of government in the U.K., leader of the majority party in the House of Commons.

• House of Commons

• the lower house of the U.K. Parliament, composed of elected Members of Parliament (MPs).

• Parliamentary sovereignty

• the constitutional principle that Parliament is the supreme legal authority in the U.K., able to create or end any law.

• European Commission

the EU's executive body, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, and managing day-to-day operations.

• Brussels

• the capital of Belgium; in politics it often means EU institutions

• European Council

• a body of EU leaders that decides the general political direction of the EU.

• European Parliament

• the EU body elected by citizens to make laws

• EU officials

• employees and representatives working within
  EU institutions.

• Member states

• countries that are part of the European Union.

• Verkhovna Rada

• the parliament of Ukraine, made up of elected deputies

• Bankova Street

• the street in Kyiv where the President’s Office is located; used to mean the presidency

• President

• the head of state of Ukraine, elected by popular vote.

• Opposition bloc

• political parties or factions in parliament that oppose the ruling government.

• Deputies

• members of the Verkhovna Rada
  (народні депутати України).

• Bundestag

the federal parliament of Germany, composed of elected representatives.

• Chancellor

• the head of government in Germany

• Lawmakers

• general term for members of a legislative body (e.g., MPs, deputies).

Referendum

• a direct vote in which citizens decide an important issue