Hip, Thigh, Leg Origins and Insertions - BPK 326

gluteus Maximus

o: thoracolumbar fascia

gluteal fossa of the iliac wing

sacrotuberous ligament

posterior and inferior sacrum and coccyx

I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur (1/4)

illiotibial band (3/4)

a: external rotation of the thigh at hip

extension of the thigh at hip

abduction of the thigh at hip

in: inferior gluteal nerve

tensor fascia latae

o: anterior superior iliac spine

I: iliotibial tract

a: flexes the thigh at the hip

internally rotates the thigh at the hip

abducts the thigh at the hip (synergist with gluteus max)

- synergist with gluteus min and max for stabilization of pelvis while walking/ running

I: superior gluteal nerve

gluteus medius

o: gluteal fossa of the iliac wing

I: greater trochanter of the femur

a: abduction of the thigh at hip

internal rotation of the thigh at hip (anterior fibres)

external rotation of the thigh at hip (posterior fibres)

- whole = stabilizer of the pelvis

in: superior gluteal nerve (same as TFL)

gluteus minimus

o: gluteal fossa of the iliac wing

I: greater trochanter of the femur

a: internal rotation of the thigh at the hip

abduction of the thigh at hip

I: superior gluteal nerve

piriformis

o: anterior surface of sacrum

I: greater trochanter of the femur

a: external rotation of the thigh at hip

abduction of the thigh at hip (if thigh is flexed)

in: branches of the sacral plexus

superior gemellus

o: spine of the ischium (ischial spine)

I: greater trochanter of the femur

a: external rotation of the thigh at hip

abduction of the thigh at hip (if thigh is flexed)

- synergist with piriformis

in: branches of the sacral plexus

inferior gemellus

o: tuberosity of the ischium (ischial tuberosity)

I: greater trochanter of the femur

a: external rotation of the thigh at hip

abduction of the thigh at hip (if thigh is flexed)

- synergist with piriformis

in: branches of the sacral plexus

obturator internus

o: obturator membrane

I: greater trochanter of the femur

trochanteric fossa

a: external rotation of the thigh at hip

in: branches of the sacral plexus

quadratus femoris

o: tuberosity of the ischium (ischial tuberosity)

I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur

a: external rotation of the thigh at hip

adduction of the thigh at hip

biceps femoris: long head

o: tuberosity of the ischium (ischial tuberosity)

I: head of the fibula

lateral condyle of tibia

a: extension of the thigh at hip

flexes the leg at the knee

laterally rotates the leg if leg is flexed

in: tibial nerve

biceps femoris: short head

o: lines aspera

I: head of fibula

lateral condyle of tibia

a: flexes the leg at the knee

laterally rotates the leg if the legs flexed

in: common peroneal nerve

semintendinosus

o: tuberosity of the ischium

sacrotuberous ligament

I: pes anserinus (proximal tibia)

a: extends the thigh at hip

flexes the leg at the knee

internally rotates the leg at the knee

in: tibial nerve

semimembranosus

o: tuberosity of the ischium

I: medial condyle of the tibia

a: extends the thigh at the hip

flexes the leg at the knee

internally rotates the leg at the knee

in: tibial nerve

psoas major

o: transverse processes (L1-5)

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

a: flexes the thigh at hip

flexes trunk (from supine)

iliacus

o: iliac fossa

I: lesser trochanter of the femur

a: flexes the thigh at the hip

flexes trunk (from supine)

sartorius

o: anterior superior iliac spine

I: medial aspect of the tibia

a: flexes the thigh at the hip

flexes the leg at the knee

externally rotates the thigh at the hip

rectus femoris

o: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: patella

tibial tuberosity

a: flexes the thigh at the hip

extends the leg at the knee

vastus lateralis

o: linea aspera of the femur

greater trochanter of the femur

I: patella

tibial tuberosity

a: extends the leg at the knee

vastus medialis

o: linea aspera of the femur

intertrochanteric line

I: patella

tibial tuberosity

a: extends the leg at the knee

vastus intermedius

o: body of the femur

I: patella

tibial tuberosity

a: extends the leg at the knee

obturator externus

o: obturator membrane (anteriorly)

I: trochanteric fossa

a: adducts the thigh at the hip (in flexion)

in: obturator nerve

Pectineus

medial compartment

o: pectineal line of the pubic bone

I: pectineal line of the femur

a: adducts the thigh at the hip

in: femoral nerve

adductor brevis

o: body of the pubic bone

inferior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera of the femur

a: adducts the thigh at the hip

externally rotates the thigh at the hip

in: obturator nerve

adductor longus

o: body of the pubic bone

I: linea aspera of the femur

a: adducts the thigh at the hip

externally rotates the thigh at the hip

adductor Magnus

hamstring

o: ischial tuberosity

I: adductor tubercle

in: sciatic nerve

adductor

o: ischio-pubic ramus

I: linea aspera

in: obturator nerve

gracilus

o: body of the pubic bone

inferior pubic ramus

I: pes anserinus

a: adducts the thigh at the hip

flexes the leg at the knee

internally rotates the leg at the knee

tibialis anterior

a - dorsiflexes and inverts foot at the ankle

in - deep fibular (peroneal nerve)

extensor digitorum longus

a - dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

extend the lateral four digits

in - deep fibular (peroneal nerve)

extensor hallucis longus

a - dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

extends big toe

in - deep fibular (peroneal nerve)

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

a - everts the foot at the ankle

weakly plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

in - superficial fibular (peroneal nerve)

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

a - everts the foot at the ankle

weakly plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

in - superficial fibular (peroneal nerve)

Gastrosnemius

a - plantar flexes the foot at the ankle (leg extended)

- flexes the leg at the knee

in - tibial nerve

soleus

a - plantar flexes the foot at the ankle (independent of leg extension)

- high percentage of slow twitch fibres

in - tibial nerve

plantaris

a - plantar flexes the foot at the ankle (weakly)

in - tibial nerve

popliteus

a - flexes the leg at the knee

- internal rotation of the leg at the knee

in - tibial nerve

flexor hallucis longus

a - flexes big toe

- weakly plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

in - tibial nerve

flexor digitorum longus

a - flexes the toes

- plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

- inverts the foot at the ankle

in - tibial nerve

tibialis posterior

a - plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

- inverts the foot at the ankle

- supports medial arch

in - tibial nerve