Lab Exam 2 Review Flashcards

Orbicularis oris

lip muscles

Orbicularis oculi

muscle that closes the eyelids

Zygomaticus major

cheek muscles

Risorius

assits Zygomaticus major in creating a smile or grin

Epicranius

muscle that helps creating facial expressions, such as the raising eyebrow

Platysma

collarbone to jaw muscle

sternocleidomastoid

muscles that connect the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid

Temporalis

muscle involved in closing the mouth or chewing

Buccinator

thin muscle wall of the cheek

Erector Spinae

muscles located on each side of the vertebral column

External/internal intercostalis

rib muscles

Diaphragm

muscle that helps you breathe

Latissimus dorsi

muscle covering lower part of back; triangular-shaped

Serratus anterior

muscle that helps stablize shoulder blade

Trapezoid

muscle that extends from skull to back

Rhomboideus major

muscle that connects shoulder blade to spine

Levator scapulae

muscle in the lower back/neck that elevates shoulder blade

Pectoralis major

muscle in chest that helps move the arm

Rectus abdominis

top layer of abdominal muscles

External oblique

lateral side of anterior side of the abdomen

Internal oblique

lateral side of posterior side of the abdomen

Transverse abdominal

deepest of the abdominal muscles

Deltoid

muscle that helps with the glenohumeral joint

Supraspinatus

back on shoulder; forms part of rotator cuff

Infraspinatus

stablize henoglumeral joint

Biceps brachii

makes itself visble when flexing arm muscles

Brachialis

provides elbow flexion

Brachioradialis

muscle at lateral side of forearm

Triceps brachii

Flexor carpi radialis

lies in first layer of the anterior muscle of the arm

Palmaris longus

small tendon between flexor muscles

Extensor carpi ulnaris

skeletal muscle at ulna side of forearm

Extensor digitorum

extends the four fingers of the metacarpals

Oppenens pollicis

extends the thumb

Illiacus

curved surface of pelvic bone

Psoas major

muscle at posterior abdominal wall

Sartorius

longest muscle in human body; spanning both knee and hip joints

Adductor group

Quadriceps

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

Hamstrings

Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranous

Gluteus maximus

main exterior muscle of the hip

Gluteus minimus

medial radiator of the hip

Tensor fascia latae

muscle outside of hip, allowing hip flexion

Gastrocnemius

main muscle of the back leg

Soleus

located below the gastrocnemius

Tibialis anterior

Largest leg muscle

Fibularis longus

attached to the outside/lateral side of leg and allows for foot and ankle movement

Dendrites

Receive signals from other neurons

Axon

Elongated portion of neuron

axon hillock

Controls where electrical impulses are sent that are also dependent of the actions of other neurons

Neurilemma

thin sheath around the axon

Myelin Sheath

insulating layer or “blanket” around neurons

Central sulcus

seperates frontal and parietal lobes

Pineal gland

regulates circadian rythm

Cerebral aqueduct

small tube that connects third and fourth ventricles of the brain

Pitituary gland

produces hormones

third ventricle

connects ventricles

fourth ventricle

connects ventricles

Arbor vita

brings sensory information to the cerebellum; “white tree-like”

Longitudinal fissure

midline of the brain

Dura mater

layers of connective tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord (outermost layer)

Arachnoid mater

layers of connective tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord (middle layer)

Pia meter

layers of connective tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord (innermost layer)

Spinal nerve

interacts with spinal cord to deliver sensory and motor information to the roots of the spinal cord.

Ventral root

anterior root of spinal cord

Dorsal root

posterior root of spinal cord

Dorsal root ganglion

cluster of neurons in the dorsal root

Dorsal/ventral/lateral horn

grey matter within spinal cord

dorsal/ventral/lateral funiculus

white matter within spinal cord

I

Olfactory

II

Optic

III

Oculomotor

IV

Trochlear

V

Trigeminal

VI

Abdecens

VII

Facial

VIII

Vestibulocochlear

IX

Glossopharyngeal

X

Vagus

XI

Accessory

XII

Hypoglossal

Epineurium

surrounds nerve’s internal environment

Perineurium

surrounds the fascicles

Endoneurium

surrounds muscle fibers

Fasicle

bundle of nerves or muscle fibers

Nerve FIber

nerve cell

Myelin sheath

Wrapped around each nerve cell

Axon

long cordlike part of a nerve cell