EKG, Pressure/Volume Changes, Sounds, Stroke Volume

EKG

1. P-wave

2. PQ interval

3. QRS Complex

4. ST segment

5. T-wave

P-wave

atrial depolarization, leading to systole

PQ Interval

AV Node delay; ventricle being filled

QRS complex

Ventricle depolarization, systole

ST Segment

AP plateau

T-Wave

Ventricles depolarization, diastole

when the left and right atrials contract, where does the blood go?

the ventricles

when the ventricles contract, where does the blood go?

out of the heart

When the left atrial pressure is greater than the ventricle pressure, what happens?

The atrioventricular valves open

What happens when the ventricular pressure is greater than the atrial pressure in a ventricular systole?

the atrioventricular valves close

what happens when ventricular pressure is greater than the aortic and pulmonary pressure in a ventricular systole?

the semilunar valve opens

what happens when ventricular pressure is lower than the aortic and pulmonary pressure in a ventricular diastole?

The semilunar valve closes

what happens when ventricular pressure is lower than the atrial pressure in a ventricular diastole?

The atrioventricular valve opens

S1

AV Valves close

S2

SL valves close

After t wave

EDV

end diastole of ventricles

ESV

end vent of diastole (ventricle ejection)

Stroke volume formula

SV = EDV- ESV

(Filling-ejection)

Cardiac Output formula

^Co = ^SV * ^ HR

A raised stroke volume results in

Raised preload & contractibility, lowered after load