2.1 Kinetic Particle Theory

What does the kinetic particle theory state?

all matter is made up of tiny particles, which are in constant and random motion

What is the arrangement of particles in solids?

Very closely packed and arranged in an orderly manner

How strong are the forces of attraction between particles in solids?

Very strong

What is the motion of particles like in solids?

Vibrate vigorously about fixed positions

What is the kinetic energy of particles like in solids?

very low

What is the arrangement of particles in liquids?

Closely packed but arranged in a disorderly manner

How strong are the forces of attraction between particles in liquids?

Strong

What is the motion of particles like in liquids?

Slide over one another, move freely throughout the liquid

What is the kinetic energy of particles like in liquids?

Low

What is the arrangement of particles in gases?

Very far apart and arranged in a disorderly manner

How strong are the forces of attraction between particles in gases?

Very weak

What is the motion of particles like in gases?

Move rapidly and freely in all directions

What is the kinetic energy of particles like in gases?

High

When does evaporation occur?

When some particles at the surface of a liquid substance have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between the particles, and escape into the air as gas

When does sublimation occur?

(Solid state to gaseous state)

When the particles at the surface of the solid possess sufficient energy to break away from the solid and escape as gas

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