Chapter 24 & 25 ("The Challenge of Modernity- East Asia" and "The Ottoman and Russian Empires")

China & Maritime Trade

The British gave opium & America gave Tobacco to china to equalize the trade imbalance

Imperialism

When one country takes over another country & exploits its people resources

How did British Imperialism on China start?

a barter system of Indian Opium was created to get Chinese Good

Opium

Called “foreign mud”

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese nationalists who attacked foreigners in China

Japan

• They are not original: where they excel is taking others’ inventions and making them better

Fascinated with how accelerating technologies of the Industrial Revolution had armed their adversaries and sought to create more railroads and steamships.

Ottoman Empire

1500-1700: Large land area, many Different Cultures. Dominant political power in the Middle East

• Traditional Rivals- The Austrian Habsburgs and the Russians

  • Technologically behind their rivals

• Economy: crafts-based (artisan), textile industry

  • Buckled under the weight of the introduction of cheap, industrially produced English Cottons

Persian Empire

Shiite (Shia) alternative to the Sunni Ottomans. Rose in 1500

• Shiite Muslims in Iran (Who today are Iranian Leaders) believe only descendants of the Prophet Muhammad can be leaders in Islam.

  • Meanwhile, Sunni Muslims in Turkey (Ottoman Leaders) believe anyone who’s a faithful follower of the religion can be a leader

Crimean War

1853-1856: Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire vs. Russia

Industrialization

very slow to develop in Russia

Russia

Freed the Serfs