General MCQ's APW

encomienda system

a Spanish labor system in the Americas where the Spanish crown granted land and natives to colonizers in exchange for Christianizing them and providing protection.

hacienda system

a system of large landholdings in Latin America, where landowners controlled vast estates and exploited indigenous labor for agricultural production.

three-field system

rotation of crops; increases agricultural productivity

estates-general in france

A legislative body representing the three social classes (clergy, nobility, commoners) that advised the king before the French Revolution.

concordat of worms

An agreement in 1122 between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor that ended the Investiture Controversy.

mit’a system

Incan labor system where citizens worked for the state. Mandatory public service to maintain infrastructure, like roads and buildings.

chattel slavery

A system where individuals are treated as property and forced to work without pay, with no control over their own lives or freedom.

vasco da gama

Portuguese explorer; first to sail directly from Europe to India. His voyage in 1497-1498 opened up the sea route to the East, leading to increased trade between Europe and Asia.

francisco pizzaro

Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. He captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa and claimed the region for Spain.

Treaty of Tordesillas

divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal

Bartholomew Diaz

Sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1488, into waters his crew did not know. Diaz feared a mutiny if he continued pushing eastward, so he returned home.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Became the first European monarch to sponsor seafaring expeditions, to search for an all-water route to the east as well as for African gold. Under him, Portugal began importing enslaved Africans by sea, replacing the overland slave trade.

Ferdinand Magellan

Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe; Spain annexed the Philippines when Magellan’s fleet arrived there

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France in the 16th century, known for his expeditions and interactions with Indigenous peoples.

Samuel de Champlain

Realized there were valuable goods and rich resources available in the Americas, so there was no need to go beyond to Asia.

John Cabot

Cabot claimed lands from Newfoundland south to the Chesapeake Bay. When the English defeated the Spanish Armada in a naval battle, England declared itself a major naval power and began competing for lands and resources in the Americas.

Zheng He

Opened up trade networks with India, Arabia, and Africa and spread Chinese culture, showing off China’s military wealth; his explorations ended when China’s emperors stopped funding them

Henry Hudson

Henry Hudson was an English navigator who, while searching for a northwest passage to Asia, claimed land and founded a community called New Amsterdam

Columbian Exchange

the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and culture between the “Old World” and “New World” after 1492

Bushido

The traditional code of the samurai warriors in Japan, emphasizes virtues like loyalty, honor, and self-discipline, similar to code of chivalry

What was Japan’s response to the influence of foreigners during the 17th century?

Banning foreign trade and isolating itself from the rest of the world

Seven-years War

Peninsulares

European-born Spaniards

Chinese Dynasties in Order

1. Tang

2. Song

3. Yuan

4. Ming

5. Qing

Boyars

Russian class of rich landowners

Which Dynasty did Kublai Khan establish in China?

Yuan Dynasty

What does HIPPO stand for?

 

Historical Context:

Intended Audience:

Author’s Purpose:

Author’s Point of View:

Other (EG: Context- similar in kind, from a different time…give an example of similar theme in a different place/time period):

Crop Rotation and its effect

rotating different crops in and out of a field each year, led to agricultural revolution

agricultural revolution

Food production increased as nations industrialized, new tools for agriculture were created; this led to more people being able to work in factories and the Industrial Revolution ensued

what did the potato do to europe

introduction of the potato from South America contributed more calories to people’s diets

Seed drill and its effects

a device that efficiently places seeds in a designated spot in the ground, contributed to agricultural revolution

Cottage Industry system

putting out system; in which merchants provided raw cotton to women who spun it into finished cloth in their own homes

This way of production gave women independence but was slow and investors demanded faster production, spurring the development of technologies and machinery that turned out cloth in more efficient ways