bio66 lab chapter 12 lab results

renal system expected test results, hormones & processes involved, etc.

isotonic control: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- what happens to...
~ volume gain?
~ plasma volume?
~ blood pressure?
~ plasma osmolarity?

- volume gain RESTRICTED to ECF
- INCREASES plasma volume AND blood pressure
- no change in plasma osmolarity (since intake was isotonic)

volume test: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- increase/decrease?
~ why?

- volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis

pH test: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- change or no change?

- no change

specific gravity test: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- change or no change?
~ why?

- should not change since intake was isotonic

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- increase/decrease?
~ why?

- possibly will INCREASE if pressure is high enough

ADH : normal hydration & gatorade solution

- change or no change?
~ why?

- no change in secretion b/c no change in plasma osmolarity

Aldosterone: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- change or no change?
~ why?

- no change in secretion b/c of increased ECF volume

ANP : normal hydration & gatorade solution

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ pressure?
~ why?
~ results of urine volume?
~ results of Na+ excretion?

- INCREASED plasma volume AND pressure
- causes stretching of atrial wall & subsequent release of ANP
- results in INCREASED urine volume AND Na+ excretion

pressure natriuresis & diuresis: normal hydration & gatorade solution

- what happens to...
~ blood pressure?
~ why?

- INCREASED ECF --> INCREASED blood pressure
- stimulates natriuresis & diuresis

water control: normal hydration & pure water

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ blood pressure?
~ plasma osmolarity?
- where does pure water enter?

- pure water enters BOTH ECF & ICF
- plasma volume & blood pressure LESS than isotonic control
- INCREASED blood pressure (less than isotonic control)
- DECREASED plasma osmolarity

volume test : normal hydration & pure water

- increase/decrease?
~ why?

- volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis

pH test: normal hydration & pure water

- change or no change?

- no change

specific gravity test: normal hydration & pure water

- increase or decrease?
~ why?

- should DECREASE b/c intake was only water
- fewer solutes in urine

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: normal hydration & pure water

- increase or decrease?
~ why?

- may INCREASE due to ANP

ADH : normal hydration & pure water

- what happens to...
~ secretion?
~ why?

- DECREASED secretion
- b/c of INCREASED plasma volume & DECREASED osmolarity

Aldosterone : normal hydration & pure water

- what happens to...
~ plasma osmolarity?
~ why?

- DECREASED plasma osmolarity
- causes release of aldosterone ; helps Na+ retention

ANP : normal hydration & pure water

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ pressure?
~ why?

- LESS INCREASE in plasma volume & pressure than isotonic control
- less of a stretch in cardiac wall ; may be some release

pressure natriuresis & diuresis: normal hydration & pure water

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ pressure?
~ results in?

- INCREASED plasma volume AND pressure
- results in INCREASE in urine production

overhydrated: BEFORE DRINKING

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ plasma osmolarity?
~ urine concentration?
~ urine volume?

- HIGH plasma volume
- LOW plasma osmolarity
- LOW urine concentration
- INCREASED urine volume

overhydrated: AFTER DRINKING

- what happens??

- situation is reinforced

volume test: overhydrated

- increase or decrease?
~ why?

- volume will INCREASE b/c of ANP & pressure natriuresis & diuresis

pH test: overhydrated

- change or no change (increase/decrease)?
~ why?

- MAY INCREASE
- ANP causes decreases Na+ reabsorption/H+ secretion into urine

specific gravity test: overhydrated

- what happens to...
~ concentration?
~ specific gravity?
~ why?

- concentration & specific gravity should DECREASE further
- b/c less solutes in urine & intake is just water

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: overhydrated

- what happens to...
~ Na+ ??
~ why? (hint: fluid intake)

- Na+ should DECREASE
- fluid intake is HYPOTONIC (pure water)

ADH : overhydrated

- what happens to...
~ secretion (increase/decrease)?
~ why?

- secretion DECREASES
- b/c INCREASED plasma volume & DECREASED osmolarity

Aldosterone : overhydrated

- increase/decrease?
~ why?

- does NOT increase
- plasma volume already INCREASED

ANP : overhydrated

- secretion or no secretion?
~ why?

- ANP is secreted
- b/c plasma volume & pressure is INCREASED

pressure natriuresis & diuresis : overhydrated

- results in?

- the major response
- results in INCREASED urine excretion

dehydrated: BEFORE DRINKING

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ plasma osmolarity?
~ urine volume?
~ urine concentration

- LOW plasma volume
- HIGH plasma osmolarity
- DECREASED urine volume
- concentrated urine

volume test : dehydrated

- increase or decrease???
~ why?

- may NOT increase
- b/c volunteer already dehydrated

pH test: dehydrated

- change or no change?

- no change

specific gravity test: dehydrated

- starting level? why?
~ anything else that happens?

- should be HIGH at first b/c of concentrated urine
- MIGHT DECREASE slightly from initial value
- most likely remain above normal

[Cl-] ([Na+]) test: dehydrated

- intake... ?
- what happens to...
~ Na+ ?

- intake is HYPOTONIC ; but volunteer already dehydrated
- Na+ probably remains elevated over normal values ; DECREASE from initial values

ADH : dehydrated

- what happens to ...
~ secretion?
~ why?

- INCREASED SECRETION
- b/c of DECREASED plasma volume & INCREASED osmolarity

Aldosterone: dehydrated

- what happens to...
~ plasma volume?
~ osmolarity?
~ which leads to???
~ secretion or no secretion?
~ followed by??

- LOW plasma volume & INCREASED osmolarity --> LOW blood pressure
- Aldosterone is secreted
- followed by INCREASED Na+ AND water retention

ANP : dehydrated

- any effect?
~ why?

- no effect
- b/c plasma volume is DECREASED

pressure natriuresis & diuresis : dehydrated

- any effect?
~ why?

- no effect
- b/c plasma volume is DECREASED