unit 6 aphug flashcards

action spaces

all parts of a city where movement occurs daily

blockbusting

the practice of real estate agents convincing owners to sell their homes for cheaper by telling them that a minority group is moving in, which is illegal

boomburb

An outlying residential district of a city that is expanding rapidly

central business district (CBD)

the center of a city, or downtown, where the most business activity occurs, with large stores, office buildings, and cultural significant pieces are

central place theory

christallers model on how urban areas are distributed, with urban centers arranged in hexagonal patterns, incorporating the ideas of threshold and range into the model.

cities

centers of business, trade, people, and with lots of services and goods available

commercialization

the transformation of an urban area to create economic activities, which is closely tied to gentrification

congregation (clustering)

the territorial or residential clustering of specific groups or subgroups of people, for example, different ethnicities and their enclaves

disamenity zones

the poorest parts of a city that are often not connected to city services, shown in the latin american city model

edge cities

cities that are located on the outskirts of a larger city, generally on a beltway. similar to a traditional city, but in a more suburbal manner, with specialties like technology and services

galactic city model

aka peripheral model, which shows the decentralized commercial urbanized landscape with several business districts that have varying uses

gated communities

restricted neighborhoods where access is limited to residents and guests, creating a safer environment

gateway cities

cities that act as ports of entry and distribution for areas

gentrification

the rehabilitation of old buildings into expensive, desirable neighborhoods, replacing low income areas

Ghettoization

the transformation of inner cities from centers of wealth to poverty and disrepair, due to affluent whites migrating to the suburbs, and being replaced with low income immigrants

white flight

the movement of whites from the city to suburbs, in response to blockbusting

global cities

aka world cities, which are the biggest, most influencial cities in the world. they have strong cultural, economic, and political influence on the rest of the world, like paris, new york, and tokyo

gravity model

a model created to show interaction between places based on population sizes and the distance between the places

greenbelts

a ring of undeveloped land around a city, which is to create a green space, which helps prevent sprawl

industrial revolution

period of time in which mechanization and urbanization increased in europe and the us with mass production

infill development

the creation of new lots in undeveloped areas in cities to increase population density and productivity in the area

latin american city structure

most significant features are a "spine" running from the CBD outwards, with areas of disamenity near the CBD

megacities

cities with more than 10 million residents

meta cities

cities with more than 20 million residents

network cities

when two or more cities create communications and transportation corridors between them to make relationships, similar to megalopises

kobe, kyoto, and osaka japan

the american northeast

californian coastal cities

new urbanism

a form of urban planning which promotes mixed-use communities, with higher population densities, in walkable neighborhoods and public transportation

mitigate urban sprawl

primate cities

in which the largest city in a country is much larger than any other city, and acts as the dominant point in a state

rank size rule

a pattern in which the 2nd largest city is half the size of the largest, the 3rd is a third of the largest, etc.

indicates even development

redlining

an illegal practice where banks dont give loans to those who wish to setlle in more predominantly white areas, and restrict them to bad risk neighborhoods, contributing to segregation

rural to urban migration

the movement of people from the countryside to the city, in search for jobs and economic opportunity

southeast asian city structure

centered around a port, rather than a CBD

squatter settlements

residential developments with poverty that is on land that isn't designated for residential use. also called slums, favelas, and shantytowns, created due to fast urbanization

suburbanization

the creation of residential communities on the urban periphery, with low population densities, which happens due to easy transportation with automobiles, and NIMB (not in my backyard)

urban heat island

the phenomenon in which large cities generate heat, which leads to higher temperatures due to buildings, and lack of vegetation to bring the temperature down

burgess concetric zone model

urban environment model that shows a city in a series of rings radiating from the core

1. CBD

2. manufacturing and wholesale

3. low class residential

4. medium class residential

5. high class residential

6. residential suburbs

harris ullman multiple nuclei model

model of a city with a weak central core, and multiple outlying business districts

has residential areas, business and industrial districts, etc.

hoyt sector model

an urban city model that shows the cbd in the middle with wedge like sectors divided by major transportation routes, with industry near transportation, and high class and low class separated by middle class, transportation, and industry

urban redevelopment and revitalization

the redevelopment or rehabilitation of areas in cities, removing slums and squatter settlements, also with gentrification and infill development

yuppies, sinks, and dinks

young urban professionals, single individuals with no kids, and dual income households with no kids

most likely to participate in gentrification, and live in urban areas

zone of transition

an area between commercial and residential land, with mixed use development

urban

relating to a city

first urban revolution

the agricultural and socioeconomic innovations that led to the first cities

site

the factors of an area, like climate, access to water, and terrain

situation

the relative location of a place in reference to its surrounding features, like other people, and access to trade routes

streetcar suburbs

a settlement on the edge of a city that brings residents into the city through streetcar lines

exurb

a semirural district beyond the suburbs with nicer homes, and wealthier residents

threshold

the amount of people required to support a certain activity, like a business, or large event

range

the distance that people will travel to acquire a good or service

smart growth policies

policies of urbanization that combats sprawl and promotes compact neighborhoods

brownfields

properties with the presence of unhealthy pollutants, which can be sealed off for urban renewal