ESCI 3402 FINAL

longwave

What range of wavelengths do greenhouse gases interact with?

visible

The peak of the Sun's radiation curve occurs over what range of wavelengths?

Hawaii

Where is the Mauna Loa Observatory located?

seasonality in the northern hemisphere

What controls the annual fluctuation in tropospheric CO₂ as recorded at the Mauna Loa Observatory?

A range of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths that do not interact with greenhouse gases

What is an "atmospheric window" with respect to the Greenhouse Effect?

carbon monoxide

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

• Carbon Dioxide

• Carbon Monoxide

• Methane

• Water Vapor

warmer objects emit more energy

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann equation…

internal energy increases and temperature increases

If the amount of energy entering a system is larger than the amount of energy exiting a system…

C) K is a measure of an object's internal energy

Which of the following statements is TRUE:

A) °C is a measure of an object's internal energy

B) °F is a measure of an object's internal energy

C) K is a measure of an object's internal energy

D) water freezes as 0 K

True

The financial cost of climate-related damages are increasing.

bovine burps

What is currently the largest source of methane (CH₄) to the atmosphere?

nitrogen

Proportionately, what is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

carbon dioxide

Which substance is used as a reference to determine GWP and GTP?

water vapour

Which greenhouse gas contributes most to the global greenhouse effect?

thick white clouds

What type of cloud may contribute to a negative radiative forcing?

methane

Which greenhouse gas has the shortest atmospheric residence time?

sulfur hexafluoride

Which of the following is has no natural source?

• carbon dioxide

• methane

• nitrous oxide

• sulfur hexafluoride

stratosphere

Where is naturally-produced ozone found?

reactions with OH-

Which of the following is a sink for atmospheric methane?

• rice cultivation

• clathrates in the ocean

• reactions with OH-

• permafrost

hold more water vapour

As an air mass warms, it will be able to...

transportation

In Minnesota, which sector is responsible for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions?

electricity generation

In Minnesota, which sector has seen the greatest % decrease in greenhouse gas emissions since 2005?

2040

In Minnesota, when are utilities required to provide net-zero electricity?

2050

As a State, when is Minnesota supposed to become carbon-neutral?

any carbon emitted is sequestered in equal amounts

With respect to policy, what does "carbon neutral" mean?

Conference of the Parties

What is "COP" an acronym for?

2015

When was the Paris Climate Agreement signed?

targets can be re-evaluated within the framework of the current agreement

What does a "ratcheted" approach mean with respect to the Paris Climate Agreement?

False

Is the United States currently on a path to meet their NDC targets?

Intergovernmental Pannel on Climate Change

What does the acronym IPCC stand for?

~5 years

What is the frequency of IPCC Assessment Reports?

3

How many "electrical grids" are there in the United States?

Equilibrium climate sensitivity

Which method of calculating Earth's climate sensitivity yields the largest range of temperature increase?

atmosphere

In the 4 Carbon Reservoir model, which reservoir has the shortest residence time?

combustion

What process is responsible for the observation that while atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are increasing, atmospheric O₂ concentrations are decreasing?

1970s

According to Hubbard, had the USA not discovered oil in Alaska, when would peak oil production have occurred?

1

COP meetings occur every _____ years.

economic

What is President Trump's primary basis for removing the USA from the Paris Climate Agreement?

50-60 years

About how old is the national electric grid?