Advanced Placement United States History

WWII

1939-1945

WWII

A war fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers — Germany, Italy, and Japan — and the Allies, including France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and the United States.

Cash and Carry Policy

policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Lend-Lease Act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

War Production Board (WPB)

sent out propaganda posters encouraging people to support war; encouraging women to work in the factories; they asked Americans to be conservative of certain resources such as, food, gas, water, and anything needed to fight in the war

Japenese Internment

movement of Japanese on pacific coast to War relocation camps right after attack on Pearl Harbor

Manhattan Project

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

Rationing

A limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use

Neutrality

A refusal to take part in a war between other nations

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII

Rosie the Riveter

American propaganda character urging women to take jobs in factories to help with war effort

Harry Truman

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb; president that ended desegregation in the military after the war in 1948

Douglas MacArthur

American general, bombed Tokyo

How did FDR aid nations against Hitler while staying out of the war?

Roosevelt would lend military supplies to Great Britain for use in the fight again Germany

Why did the Japanese attack the U.S. at Pearl Harbor?

To prevent the US Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the Netherlands, UK, and the US

How did the US prepare for war?

They prepared for war by:
1.enacting the Selective Service Act

2.The government raised taxes and issued war bonds to help pay for the preparations for the war.

3.The Food Administration increased food supplies for the troops.

Explain the many ways women assisted in the war effort from factories to WAAC(Women Army Auxiliary Corps)?

They worked as cooks, clerks, drivers, medical assistants.

Which of the following contributed MOST to President Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan?
A. The desire to retaliate against Japanese kamikaze bombers.
B. The need to conserve troops for the war effort in Europe.
C. The desire to demonstrate US technological superiority.
D. To avoid further loss of American lives.

D. To avoid further loss of American lives.

How did industrialists in America aid the war effort in early 1942 as the nation mobilized for the upcoming conflict?
A. Increasing the salaries of child labor to aid families while men were at war.
B. Building houses for the families of soldiers who could not afford them.
C. Converting factories into military hospitals to care for the wounded.
D. Making weapons such as rifles and ammunition instead of consumer goods.

D. Making weapons such as rifles and ammunition instead of consumer goods.

The War Production Board (WPB) propaganda below was known as the "Rosie the Riveter" campaign. What impact did World War II and the recruitment of women by the US government have on many women in the US?
A. Women would earn the same wages as men in all factories
B. Women could participate in combat in Europe and the Pacific
C. Women could work in jobs and factories previously held only by men
D. Women could serve in US Cabinet positions ad the US Senate

C. Women could work in jobs and factories previously held only by men

Which event will cause US entry into World War II?
A. The Japanese invaded Manchuria
B. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
C. The Germans invaded Poland
D. The Germans attacked Austria

B. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor

Why did many African Americans move to cities during WW2?
A. To join the military in support of the war
B. To gain access to new jobs created by the war
C. To live in safer locations during the war
D. To protest the nation's involvement in the war

B. To gain access to new jobs created by the war

Why were consumer goods rationed during WW2 in the US?
A. To guarantee military troops had needed supplies
B. To cause a shortage of crops as a way to raise prices
C. To limit goods sent to Germany
D. To increase reserves if natural resources

A. To guarantee military troops had needed supplies

During WW2 thousand of people of Japanese descent living in the US were put in internment camps. (After December 7, 1941) Why did the government officials take this action?
A. They had proof that many Japanese Americans were spies
B. They wanted to use the Japanese American to help decode messages
C. They wanted to study the Japanese Americans to learn about the enemy
D. They believe the Japanese Americans were a threat to US

D. They believed the Japanese Americans were a threat to US.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt made this statement in 1940. Which legislation supports this statement?
A. Lend-Lease Act
B. Selective Training and Service Act
C. Good Neighbor Policy
D. Neutrality Act

A. Lend-Lease Act

How did the start of WW2 affect affect the US economy?
A. It ended the Great Depression as the nation went into full production
B. It stopped economic growth since New Deal programs had to be put on hold
C. It worsened the Great Depression since the government increased military spending
D. It improved economic growth in the North, but states like North Carolina were not affected

A. It ended the Great Depression as the nation went into full production

Which idea was favored by most Americans at the outbreak of WW1 and WW2?
A. Total war
B.
C. Offensive attacks
D. Border protection

B. Neutrality

What did the US government rely on to finance military involvement in WW2?
A. Financial assistance from the Soviet Union
B. Increases in sales tax
C. Sale of war bonds
D. Increase the amount of currency printed

C. Sale of war bonds

This document was used by many Americans during WW2. What was the purpose of documents like this one?
A. To lower gas prices' for average consumers
B. To conserve resources for the troops fighting overseas
C. To prevent pollution by limiting the number of cars on the road
D. To reward citizens who purchased war bonds with free gas

B. To conserve resources for the troops fighting overseas

This is a flyer that was hung in San Francisco neighborhoods in 1942. What ciurt case challenged the intent of this flyer?
A. Ozawa v. United States
B. Korematsu v. US
C. Shenck v. United States
D. Tinker v. Des Moines

B. Korematsu v. US

This is an excerpt from legislation adopted in 1941. How was this legislation a change from the previous policies of the US?
A. It shifted the nation from neutrality to support for the Allied Powers.
B. It authorized the government to take over private businesses that produced war materials
C. It established trade embargos with nations believed to violate human rights'
D. It condemned the actions of the Allied Powers toward Germany

A. It shifted the nation from neutrality to support for the Allied Powers.

During the 1930s, how did the United States respond to the increasing tensions in Europe?
A. The US formed an alliance with France and Britain to oppose Germany
B. The US passed Neutrality Acts to avoid involvement
C. The US sent economic aid to Germany to help with its financial situation
D. The US denounced the Soviet Union to stop the spread of communism

B. The US passed Neutrality Acts to avoid involvement

This poster was used during WW2. What statement evaluates the intent of this type of propaganda?
A. Women were encouraged to join the military in non-combat roles
B. Women required to work a set of number of hours a week in war-related jobs
C. Women were encouraged to support war effort by taking jobs traditionally done by men
D. Women were urged to volunteer their time as part of their patriotic duty

C. Women were encouraged to support war effort by taking jobs traditionally done by men

How did A. Phillip Randolph contribute to civil rights in the United States during WW2?
A. He spoke out against the draft
B. He promised equal wages for women
C. He spoke against racial discrimination in the war industries
D. He spoke out against the internment of Japanese Americans

C. He spoke against racial discrimination in the war industries

This map shows a trend in African American migration after WW2. Which pull factor explains the trend in this map?
A. African American moved areas where there was no discrimination and they would be treated as equal to white citizens
B. African Americans were seeking better economic opportunities in more industrialized areas of the country
C. African American left low paying manufacturing jobs to take agricultural jobs in the South
D. African Americans took advantage of cheap land in the Great Plains area of the country

B. African Americans were seeking better economic opportunities in more industrialized areas of the country

Pearl Harbor

7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II.

Korematsu v. United States

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor.

Mucrakers

journalists who exposed corruption, injustice, and political failures in big businesses and gpvernment

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

NAACP

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

Meat Inspection Act

A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

a federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices; investigated unfair business practices by corporations

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all

Pure Food and Drug Act

the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs

Clayton Antitrust Act

law that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations

Referendum

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

Trust

A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition.

Suffrage

the right to vote

Initative

Process through which voters may propose new laws.

Temperance Movement

Protests groups pushed for prohibition; women joined by creating the Women's Christian Temperance Movement and Anti-Saloon League

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages; make, transport, and sell alcohol

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Upton Sinclair

exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry through his book - The Jungle

W.E.B. DuBois

recieved his Ph.D from Harvard; believed segregation was illegal; believed African Americans should have fought for equality; wanted immediate end to segregation and wanted equal rights

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Established separate but equal

Teddy Roosevelt

26th President, from 1901-1909, passed two acts that purified meat, took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot, Went after trusts, formed the "Bull Moose Party", wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy ( military stronger )

Ida Tarbell

attacked oil trust leading to public pressure for government regulation;

Jacob Riis

tells stories of the slums of his book - How the Other Half Lives

Susan B. Anthony

Founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association; a suffragist that fought for women's right to vote

Booker T. Washington

founded Tuskegee Institute (1881); believed African Americans could demand social equality through economic power; believed patience and peace would bring equality

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

Jane Addams

established the Hull House to provide aid to the poor

What exactly was the Women's Movement?

Women became educated and worked outside the house; women became social leaders of reform for education, health care, and caring for the poor

What was the first state to allow women to vote? What year?

Wyoming; 1890

Jim Crow Laws

Laws passed to discriminate against African Americans

Ida B. Wells

an editor of an African American newspaper in Memphis; wrote in her book A Red Record how prosperous African Americans were being lynched; believed White Americans must learn to accept African Americans

Federal Reserve Act

created to regulate banks

Clayton Antitrust Act

(1914) 'unfair practices' price fixing to lower competition

Why did many citizens of the US resent the 'new' immigrants of the late 1800's and early 1900s?

They worked for less money

How would Andrew Carnegie forever change the American economy?

US steel would revolutionize mass products of steel

In the 1800s, movement of large numbers of immigrants from many different countries to large US cities resulted in rapid?

Growth of the neighborhoods

Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knight of Labor?
A. Haymaker Square Riot
B. Great Chicago Fire
C. Homestead Strike
D. Pullman Company Strike

A. Haymaker Square Riot

What did the American Federation of Labor try to achieve in the late 1800s?
A. Higher wages and better working conditions
B. Elimination of racial discrimination in the workplace
C. Control of making in the market
D. Employee ownership of the factories and mines

C. Control of making in the market

How did labor unions affect the lives of many workers during the late nineteenth century?
A. THey welcomed workers of any race or gender to join their strikes
B. They helped take ownership of factories and mines
C. They worked with lawnmakers to pass pro business legislation
D.

D. They won shorter hours and better pay for workers

Which characteristic of the Industrial Revolution contributed to the rise of labor unions?
A. The working conditions found in man factories
B. The competition created b immigration workers
C. The result of mass agricultural production rise
D. The influence of company towns

A. The working conditions found in man factories

Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?
A. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control workforce
B. Organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions/long days
C. Guaranteed a stead supply of workers
D. Union membership was required for employment in new industries

B. Organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions/long days

Which of the following social factors contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882?
A. Widespread support of Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific Rim
B. Concern about Chinese communism in the US
C. A fear of unfamiliar Chinese customs and practices
D. Belief that Chinese immigrants had to be protected against discrimination

C. A fear of unfamiliar Chinese customs and practices

One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was
A. an increase of urbanization
B. a decrease in child labor
C. an increase in demand for handcraft goods
D. a decrease in immigration in the US

A. an increase of urbanization

Which business strategy would a late 1800's industrial leaders use to establish a monopoly?
A. From a joint stock company
B. Use a horizontal integration system
C. Make a contract with labor union leaders
D. Develop a nationwide advertising campaign

B. Use a horizontal integration system

A large % of the immigrants who came to the US during late 19th and early 20th centuries settled in large cities, why?
A. The government engaged immigrants to settle
B. There were fewer and fewer farms in the US
C. Most of them had lived in cities in their homeland
D. The growing industries were usually located in cities

D. The growing industries were usually located in cities

How did political bosses in major industrial cities affect the lives of immigrants to the US in the late 1800's?
A. Immigrants created ethnic neighborhoods to insulate themselves from bosses
B. Political machines exploited immigrants buying votes with favors (jobs etc.)
C. Immigrants were unhappy with corrupt politics and rebelled
D. Immigrants outnumbered political bosses and seized control

B. Political machines exploited immigrants buying votes with favors (jobs etc.)

What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800's?
A. Decreased the need for government regulation
B. Increased the time needed to ship products to other regions
C. Increases the settlement and growth in religion
D. Decreased the use of Eastern Rail Lines

C. Increases the settlement and growth in religion

Europe

Berlin Wall, Berlin Blockade, & Marshall Plan

The Berlin Wall Notes:

I. Wall put up by the Soviet Union to separate Soviet controlled EAST BERLIN and Allied controlled WEST BERLIN.
1. Wall with barbed wire machine gun towers and obstacles
2. Many tried to climb over and tunnel under to reach the west from the east. Many were killed

Berlin Blockade Notes:

I. An attempt by Joseph Stalin and the Soviets to grab for power
1. Berlin was deep inside the Berlin zone of control
2. Soviets cut off all aid coming into Berlin. The western allies (USA, FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN) organized cargo planes to air drop food and supplies to Berlin. Lasted 11 months.

The Marshall Plan

I. Also know as the European Recovery Program, was a US program providing aid to WESTERN EUROPE following the devastation of World War 2.
II. 1948- $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts in Europe.
III. Also aimed at showing benefits of capitalism. Made countries choose capitalism over communism which followed the policy of Containment.

Asia

Containment, Domino Theory, Korean War, Vietnam War,

Domino Theory

1. Fear that if one country in a religion fell to communism, others would follow
2. Led to US involvement in Korea and Vietnam Wars

Korean War

1950-Present. technically still ongoing. Longest conflict in modern history; Known as "Forgotten War" between WW2 and Vietnam

Communist backed ____ _____ vs. __________ backed South Korea.

West Korea; Capitalist

Still separated today at the __th ________. Most heavily defended border in the world.

38th Parallel

Vietnam War Notes:

1995-1975; caused by policy of Containment. Domino Theory, and Truman Doctrine; 58,000 American lives lost; North took over the south in 1975 made one country of Vietnam

Communist North vs Democratic South

1. NVA - North Vietnamese Army
2. Vietcong - Citizens in South Vietnam that supported and fought for the North. Dressed like civilians and had jobs in the South. Almost impossible to detect.

Tet Offensive (1968)

N.Vietnamese and Vietcong forces attacked all major citizens in S.Vietnam at once. Basically split the country in two. Many thought war became unwinnable at this point.

Domestic Policy

McCarthyism & HUAV

McCarthyism

Scarce tactic used by SENATE JOSEPH MCCARTHY to try to bolster his presidential nomination;
Claimed to have lists of government representatives, celebrities, and prominent citizens that were Communist and trying to overthrow American from within
Put America in a panic, people were suspicious of everyone, even family and neighbors

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

Set by McCarthy and put on national TV. Used as platform for his false investigation.

Other main topics

Division of Germany after WW2, Iron Curtain, NATO, Warsaw Pact, Fall of Soviet Union, Cuban Missle Crisis

Division of Germany after WWII

Germany split into 4 parts between allied nations after WW2.
i. Berlin was int eh Soviet Zone, but city of Berlin itself was divided into 4 parts among allied nations