[PCOL-MID-01-PT3] AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

THIS FLASH CARDS IS ABOUT PHARMACOLOGY: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS.

1. Synthesis of Acetylcholine

2. Storage

3. Release

Major Processes That Happens in Pre-Synapse?

Choline

What is the precursor of acetylcholine?

• This is found extracellularly

• To enter the pre-synapse, it must undergo active uptake

Choline transporter (CHT)

The choline will enter the pre-synapse cell via what transporter?

Acetate

If the choline is now available inside the pre-synapse, it will react with?

Acetyl coA enzyme

Where did acetate come from?

Mitochondria

Acetyl coA enzyme is found in the?

Choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)

The available choline in the pre-synapse cell will react with the acetate and will be catalyzed by what enzyme?

Acetyl choline

What is the product when the choline and acetate are catalyzed by the enzyme ChAT?

Vesicle associated transporter (VAT)

The available acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) will be stored in the vesicles via what transporter?

Prematurely metabolized

If the acetylcholine is not stored in the vesicles and are exposed to enzymes, they will be?

Exocytosis

The neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) will be released via what process?

Calcium ion

What ion is important in the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles in the process of exocytosis?

1. Vesicle-Associated Membrane Proteins (VAMPs)

2. Synaptosomal-Associated Proteins (SNAPs)

What are the Two (2) Docking Proteins?

1. Bind to the postsynaptic receptors

2. Metabolism of Acetylcholine via acetylcholinesterase (AChe)

What are the Two (2) Possible Fates of Acetylcholine via Acetylcholinesterase (AChe)?

Post-synaptic receptors

In the synaptic cleft, binding of these receptors is a proof that an impulse had been transmitted.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChe)

In the synaptic cleft, what enzyme metabolizes, destroys, and degrades the acetylcholine?

Choline and acetate

What are the degradation product in the synaptic cleft?

• Decrease in acetylcholine

• Decrease in binding in post-synaptic receptors

• Decrease in transmission

• Decrease in cholinergic transmission

When acetylcholinesterase targets acetylcholine, what would happen?

Post-synapse

The majority of the receptors are found in?

• Hemicholinium

• Vesamicol

• Botulinum toxin

• Anticholinesterase

What are the Four (4) Pharmacologic Drugs that can alter the Cholinergic Events?

Hemicholinium

This drug blocks/inhibits the active uptake of choline via blocking the choline transporter (CHT); anti-parasympathetic drugs.

Choline transporter (CHT)

Hemicholinium blocks/inhibis the active uptake of choline via blocking what transporter?

Vesamicol

This drug blocks the storage of acetylcholine; anti-parasympathetic drugs.

Acetylcholine

Vesamicol blocks the storage of?

Botulinum toxin

This drug targets the release of acetylcholine and inhibits the docking protein actions (VAMPs and SNAPs) which blocks the exocytosis; anti-parasympathetic drugs.

Anticholinesterases

This drug blocks the cholinesterase (AChE); prevents the destruction of the NT acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme acetylcholinesterase; pro-parasy,