Mill's Rule Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill’s life span?

1806 - 1873

What did Mill believe about freedom and Liberty?

Only restrict the freedom of those who are going to do harm to others

What is the first of the three things that Mill argued?

Happiness is desirable since we all desire it

What is the second of the three things that Mill argued?

Happiness is the only thing desirable as an end, as things are only desirable because they bring happiness

What is the third of the three things that Mill argued?

Therefore, everyone ought to aim at the happiness of everyone, as increasing general happiness will increase my happiness

What is the first of the 2 problems with Bentham’s theory according to Mill?

Mill believed that Bentham’s hedonistic understanding of human nature was too simplistic

What is the second of the 2 problems with Bentham’s theory according to Mill?

The result of this simplification of human nature had led to a theory that could justify any action

What was Mill’s solution for Bentham’s faults?

Higher and lower pleasures

What are 2 issues of higher and lower pleasures

• Subjective

• Problematic as everyone’s opinion on pleasure is different

What is the difference in measurement between the hedonic calculus and higher and lower pleasures?

Hedonic calculus is quantitative and Higher and lower pleasures are qualitative

What are 3 examples of lower pleasures?

• Eating

• Drinking

• Warmth of a fire

What are 3 examples of higher pleasures?

• Music

• Poetry

• Appreciation of art

What is a key quote from Mill’s description of higher and lower pleasures?

“It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”

Which Philosopher is Mill’s understanding of pleasure similar to?

Aristotle

What did Aristotle refer to happiness as?

Eudaimonia

What does Eudaimonia mean?

More than just gratification

So for Aristotle what 3 things did happiness include?

• Well being

• Living well

• Fulfilment

What was Mill’s Solution 2?

Rule Utilitarianism

What is Rule Utilitarianism?

Considering the usefulness of rules in making moral decisions, instead of the hedonic calculus we should follow the rule that will lead us to the greatest balance of good over evil

What is a quote from Mill on Liberty?

“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will to prevent harm to others”

What was Mill’s point about liberty?

If we restrict Liberty then the entire principle of liberty is at risks

Who would disagree with Mill’s point about Liberty?

Kant