Studied by 2 people
The 7 properties of all common life
Order: highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells
Reproduction: reproduce their own kind - genes (DNA) are passed to the next generation
Growth & Development: inherited information encoded in DNA (from parents) controls the pattern of growth and development
Response to the Environment: organisms. respond to environmental stimuli
Energy Processing: organisms processing energy - they take in energy and use it to power their activities. Plants take in the energy from the sun and animals eat food
Evolutionary Adaptation: adaptations that are best suited(fit) for their environment evolve over generations because they ensure reproductive success.
Regulation: regulate internal conditions - organisms maintain a beneficial controlled internal environment
Apoptosis
The properties of life emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of a cell; it is also an emergent property.
Three domains of life
Domains Bacteria and Archaea contains organisms with simple cells
Domain Eukarya include various protests and the kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Domain Bacteria, and Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes, Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Plants are photosynthetic
Fungi are decomposers
Animals eat other organisms
Protista is a large complex grouping of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
The 7 components of life from smaller to largest
organelle - a small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.
cells-The smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body
tissue-a group of cells that possess a similar structure and perform a specific function
organs-the body's recognizable structures that perform specific functions
organ systems-a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism's body
organisms-a living thing that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, and maintain homeostasis
population- a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.
communities-an interacting group of various species in a common location
ecosystem-is a system consisting of biotic and abiotic components that function together as a unit
Biosphere- made up of the parts of Earth where life exists
Explain why cells are a special level in biological organization.
Cells are considered a "special level" in biological organization because they function as the absolute smallest unit of life and they can regulate their internal environment, take in/use energy, respond to environment, complex organization to arise new cells
Define the concept of emergent properties and provide an example
New properties in each higher structural level of life that did not exist in lower levels, and they result from the specific arrangement and interactions among component parts.
Qualitative
relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.
Quantitative
relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality.
Theory
is an explanatory idea that is broad in scope, has been extensively tested with many experiments, and is supported by a large body of evidence
Will never be proven, only supported
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation for an observer or a set of observations
Predictions that CAN BE TESTED
Will never be proven, only supported
Variables in Controlled Experiments
Independent Variable: the factor that is being manipulated
Dependent Variable: the measure that is used to judge the outcome of the experiment. This depends on the manipulated variable
Controlled experiment: compares an experimental group with a control group
Scientific Method Steps
Observation- observe the things around you
Question- ask a question based on what you observed
Hypothesis- form an educated guess, this answers the question in the step before
Experiment- perform an experiment to test the hypothesis, it must have an independent variable and a dependent variable. During an experiment, data is collected
Analysis- after the experiment and collecting the data, they analyze the data and they do this to determine relationships among the data.
Conclusion- if the data supports the hypothesis, then there might be an explanation. There have to be many trials to confirm the results, and if the data doesn’t support the hypothesis they have to make new observations and they have to go back to the beginning.
Describe the process of natural selection. Do individuals evolve?
The process of natural selection means that individuals within a population of a species that have favorable adaptations for their environment will live long enough to reproduce and pass down those desirable traits to their offspring.
Individuals do not evolve
How does evolution impact human lives
Genetics changing can alter a species' overall way of life, such as what it eats, how it grows, and where it can live.
What is DNA?
It is the genetic material of life that is responsible for heredity for programing the activities of a cel by providing the master instructions
is a nucleic acid- two strands coiled together into double helix
What is a gene?
a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein or set of proteins
Gene expression
the flow of genetic information from gene to protein
DNA→RNA→Protein
Examples on how structure and function is related.
Red pandas have a false thumb to help them grasp objects
Beetles have a hard exoskeleton to help keep them protected
The hawk has a different shaped boat to be more aerodynamic
Life depends on energy and matter
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
- entering as sunlight
-converted to chemical energy by producers,
-passed in to consumers
-exiting as heat
Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of matter
-from the atmosphere and soil
-through producers, consumers and decomposers
- then goes back to the environment
ENERGY FLOWS
MATTER CYCLES
Note 
Flashcard (44)