CRS 101 _ Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, & Urinary Systems - Respiratory & Digestive Systems

What is the primary function of the heart?

The heart is a muscular pump that generates the forces that move blood through the blood vessels.

Where is the heart located?

The heart is located within the thoracic cavity and mediastinum.

What are the four main functions of the cardiovascular system?

1. Generating blood pressure; 2. Routing blood; 3. Ensuring one-way blood flow; 4. Regulating blood supply and pH level.

What is the average mass of the adult heart in males and females?

Approximately 300 g in males and 250 g in females.

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

The outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium.

What is the name of the space filled with serous liquid that reduces friction around the heart?

The pericardial cavity.

What three layers make up the heart wall?

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

What is the role of the myocardium?

The myocardium is responsible for the heart's ability to contract, which pumps blood.

What are the two major types of atrioventricular valves?

The tricuspid valve and the bicuspid (mitral) valve.

What do coronary arteries supply?

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart tissue.

Describe the flow of blood through the heart starting from the inferior vena cava.

Inferior vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta.

What are the main roles of lymphatic vessels?

Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues, transport it as lymph, and return it to the blood.

What are the functions of the kidneys?

1. Excretion of waste; 2. Regulation of blood volume and pressure; 3. Regulation of blood solute concentrations; 4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH; 5. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis; 6. Regulation of vitamin D synthesis.

What does the mucosa layer in the digestive system do?

The mucosa layer provides absorption and is in direct contact with the food consumed.

What is the primary respiratory structure of gas exchange in the lungs?

The alveoli.

How many lobes does the right lung have compared to the left lung?

The right lung has 3 lobes, while the left lung has 2 lobes.

Which organs are considered accessory organs in the digestive system?

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, making it easier for them to expand during inspiration.

What is cardiac output?

Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute, typically measured in liters.

What is the function of red blood cells?

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and transport carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

What role does the left ventricle play in the heart?

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, distributing it to the rest of the body.

What are the main components of blood?

Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

How does the heart maintain its rhythm?

The heart's rhythm is controlled by electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node.

What is hypertension?

Hypertension is a condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure, which can lead to health complications.

What is the function of valves in the heart?

Valves prevent the backflow of blood and ensure it flows in the correct direction through the heart.

What is the significance of the pulmonary circulation?

Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

What process is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs via diffusion in the alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

What influences blood pressure?

Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, blood volume, and the resistance of blood vessels.