Chapter 1: Law Enforcement in a Democratic Society

Local police

________ are the first to respond during terrorist attacks or terror in general.

Procedural Justice

________: This describes how respectful and kind an officer is to the suspect or community member.

Culture of lawfulness

________: When the people and the community understand that they need to respect the laws and rules.

Socialization

________: The process by which people pick up traits from the rules, beliefs, and norms.

ICE

________ (Immigration and Customs Enforcement): Enforces immigration and customs laws and protects terrorists from coming in.

CEDAP

________ (Commercial Equipment Direct Assistance Program): This programs provide funding to first responders to support their training and equipment.

Legitimacy

________: When citizens see that a law enforcement agencies is being fairly and properly operated, they have respect for them, and they are more likely to trust them.

DEA

________ (Drug Enforcement Administration): They enforce drug laws and regulations.

Coercive Force

________: This is when an officer puts pressure on an individual to get a confession or make sure they follow the law.

US Bureau

ATF (________ of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives): Primarily licensing, investigating, and control alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives.

Department of Homeland Security

________: Largest government reorganization that was done in order to prevent linkage blindness.

FLETC

________: This agency helps train agents and prepare them to go into the department they want.

TSA

________ (Transportation Security Administration): Responsible for the security of all modes of transportation.

Highway patrol

________, which allows them control over traffic law on interstate roads.

Marshal Service

________: First formal law enforcement agencies established by the Judiciary Act of Congress in 1789.

CBP

________ (U.S. Customs and Border Protection): Their job is border security, travel and trade facilitation, antiterrorist effort, and inspection and collection of tariffs.

FBI

________ (Federal Bureau of Investigation): Main investigative agency in the federal government.

Postal Service

________: Their responsibilities are assaults or robberies of ________ employees, bombs, distribution of child pornography, distribution of controlled substances, money order crimes, theft of mail, and identity fraud.

US Secret Service

________: They protect the president and vice president and their families.

Suppression of crime

________ is the overriding aim of the criminal justice system.

Discretion

________: The ability of officers to make decisions based on the case and their judgement, as long as they do not break the rule of law.

Deviance

________: When ones actions do not follow social norm or break rules.

Internal Revenue Service

IRS (________): Largest agencies within the Treasury Department.

Informal Social Control

________: The influence that the people (not the law) on helping us learn the norms of society.

Department of Justice

________: Established in June 1870 and is headed by the attorney general of the United States.

Formal Social Control

________: When the government creates law to control the behavior of others.

Homeland Security Act

________ of 2002 and USA Patriot Act were both created to prevent linkage blindness from hindering an investigation.

Justice

________ and fairness are the overriding aims of the criminal justice system.

law enforcement

If an act of deviance happens, for example a law is broken, then it may be necessary for a formal social control (________) to step in.

Department of Homeland Security

The ________ was created to look over territoriality and rivalry.

Examples

USA Patriot Act of 2001, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005, the Patriot Sunsets Extension Act of 2011, and the USA Freedom Act of 2015

Linkage Blindness

The inability to link evidence together because of a lack of communication between agencies

Socialization

The process by which people pick up traits from the rules, beliefs, and norms

Informal Social Control

The influence that the people (not the law) on helping us learn the norms of society

Examples

Parents, families, peers, and community

Formal Social Control

When the government creates law to control the behavior of others

Deviance

When ones actions do not follow social norm or break rules

Coercive Force

This is when an officer puts pressure on an individual to get a confession or make sure they follow the law

Examples

Pulling someone over for traffic violation and writing up a ticket, negotiating a standoff, etc

Culture of lawfulness

When the people and the community understand that they need to respect the laws and rules

Legitimacy

When citizens see that a law enforcement agencies is being fairly and properly operated, they have respect for them, and they are more likely to trust them

Procedural Justice

This describes how respectful and kind an officer is to the suspect or community member

Example

If an officer gives someone a ticket but was kind and respectful to them, then the person getting the ticket will feel like getting the ticket was fair and justified

Discretion

The ability of officers to make decisions based on the case and their judgement, as long as they do not break the rule of law

Extra-legal factors

Skin color, grades, gender, race, ethnicity, etc

Rule of Law

Set of ideals that must be followed by law enforcement officers and agencies

Primary agencies at county level

Sheriffs office

Justice courts

They hear minor criminal offenses as well as civil cases

Justices of the peace

These are the people who precede over cases in the justice courts

Department of Justice

Established in June 1870 and is headed by the attorney general of the United States

Marshal Service

First formal law enforcement agencies established by the Judiciary Act of Congress in 1789

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

Main investigative agency in the federal government

DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)

They enforce drug laws and regulations

ATF (U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives)

Primarily licensing, investigating, and control alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives

Department of Homeland Security

Largest government reorganization that was done in order to prevent linkage blindness

ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)

Enforces immigration and customs laws and protects terrorists from coming in

CBP (U.S. Customs and Border Protection)

Their job is border security, travel and trade facilitation, antiterrorist effort, and inspection and collection of tariffs

TSA (Transportation Security Administration)

Responsible for the security of all modes of transportation

U.S. Secret Service

They protect the president and vice president and their families

FLETC

This agency helps train agents and prepare them to go into the department they want

JRIES (Joint Regional Information Exchange System)

A system that shares information throughout all the agencies

SLGC (Office of State and Local Government Coordination)

This office coordinates DHS programs with state and local governments

CEDAP (Commercial Equipment Direct Assistance Program)

This programs provide funding to first responders to support their training and equipment

IRS (Internal Revenue Service)

Largest agencies within the Treasury Department

Postal Service

Their responsibilities are assaults or robberies of postal service employees, bombs, distribution of child pornography, distribution of controlled substances, money order crimes, theft of mail, and identity fraud